ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ
ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਮਿਟਾਈ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਜੋੜੀ
Babanwalia (ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ | ਯੋਗਦਾਨ) "{{ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀਡੱਬਾ ਕਣ |name = ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ |image = File:Crookes tube-in use-lateral view-standi..." ਨਾਲ਼ ਸਫ਼ਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ |
Babanwalia (ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ | ਯੋਗਦਾਨ) No edit summary |
||
ਲਾਈਨ 2:
|name = ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ
|image = [[File:Crookes tube-in use-lateral view-standing cross prPNr°11.jpg|280px|alt=A glass tube containing a glowing green electron beam|]]
|caption = Experiments with a [[Crookes tube]] first demonstrated the particle nature of electrons. In this illustration, the profile of the cross-shaped target is projected against the tube face at right by a beam of electrons.<ref name="
|num_types =
|composition = ਮੂਲ ਕਣ<ref name="prl50"
{{cite journal
| last = Eichten | first = E.J.
| last2 = Peskin | first2 = M.E.
| last3 = Peskin | first3 = M.
| year = 1983
| title = New Tests for Quark and Lepton Substructure
| journal = [[Physical Review Letters]]
| volume = 50 | pages = 811–814 | issue = 11
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.811 | bibcode=1983PhRvL..50..811E
}}</ref>
|statistics = ਫ਼ਰਮੀਆਨਿਕ
|group = [[ਲੈਪਟਾਨ]]
ਲਾਈਨ 10 ⟶ 20:
|interaction = ਗੁਰੂਤਾ, ਬਿਜਲੀ-ਚੁੰਬਕੀ, ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ
|antiparticle = [[ਪਾਜ਼ੀਟਰਾਨ]] (ਐਂਟੀ-ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ)
|theorized = ਰਿਚਰਡ ਲੇਮਿੰਗ (੧੮੩੮–੧੮੫੧),<ref name="farrar"
{{cite journal
| last = Farrar | first = W.V.
| year = 1969
| title = Richard Laming and the Coal-Gas Industry, with His Views on the Structure of Matter
| journal = [[Annals of Science]]
| volume = 25 | pages = 243–254
| doi =10.1080/00033796900200141
| issue = 3
}}</ref><br />ਜਾਰਜ ਜਾਨਸਟੋਨ ਸਟੋਨੀ (੧੮੭੪) ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ<ref name="arabatzis">
{{cite book
| last = Arabatzis | first = T.
| year = 2006
| title = Representing Electrons: A Biographical Approach to Theoretical Entities
| url = http://books.google.com/?id=rZHT-chpLmAC&pg=PA70
| pages = 70–74
| publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]
| isbn = 0-226-02421-0
}}</ref><ref name="buchwald1">
<cite id="refBaW2001">{{cite book
| last = Buchwald | first = J.Z.
| last2 = Warwick | first2 = A.
| year = 2001
| title = Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics
| url = http://books.google.com/?id=1yqqhlIdCOoC&pg=PA195
| pages = 195–203
| publisher = [[MIT Press]]
| isbn = 0-262-52424-4
}}</cite></ref>
|discovered = ਜ. ਜ. ਥਾਮਸਨ (੧੮੯੭)<ref name="thomson" />
|symbol = e−, β−
| |||