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== ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ==
# ਸਾਚਸ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ ਜਰਮਨੀ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਵਿੱਚ 1891ਦੇ ਸਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਧਨੀ ਦਸਤਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ।<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1966/sachs-autobio.html "Nelly Sachs – Autobiography".]</ref> ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਸਿਹਤ ਕਾਰਨ ਉਸਨੇ ਘਰ ਰਹਿ ਕੇ ਹੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ। ਉਸਨੇ [[ਡਾਂਸ|dancer]] ਵਜੋਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਭਾ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣ ਬਚਪਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਸੀ ਪਰ ਉਸਦੇ ਡਰੂ ਮਾਪਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਪੇਸ਼ਾ ਅਖਤਿਆਰ ਕਰਨ ਵੱਲ ਉਤਸਾਹਿਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤਾ। ਉਹ ਮਾਪਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਪਰਛਾਵੇਂ ਹੇਠ ਅੰਤਰਮੁਖੀ ਸੁਭਾ ਵਾਲੀ ਕੁੜੀ ਬਣ ਨਿਬੜੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਸਨੇ ਸ਼ਾਦੀ ਨਾ ਕਰਵਾਈ। ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਜਾਣਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਢੇਰਾਂ ਚਿਠੀਆਂ ਲਿਖਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ [[ਸੇਲਮਾ ਲਾਗੇਰਲੋਫ਼|Selma Lagerlöf]] ਅਤੇ ਹਾਈਲਡ ਡੋਮਿਨ ਦੀ ਗੂੜੀ ਸਹੇਲੀ ਸੀ। ਜਦੋਂ ਨਾਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਸੱਤਾ ਹਥਿਆ ਲਈ, ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਡਰ ਗਈ, ਇੱਕ ਸਮੇਂ ਤਾਂ ਬੋਲਣ ਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਅਸਮਰਥ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਆਪਣੀ ਇੱਕ ਕਵਿਤਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਲਿਖਦੀ ਹੈ: "ਜਦੋਂ ਆਈ ਦਹਿਸ਼ਤ ਭਾਰੀ/ਮੈਂ ਗੂੰਗੀ ਹੋ ਗਈ।" ਸਾਚਸ 1940 ਵਿੱਚ ਆਪਣੀ ਬੁਢੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਵੀਡਨ ਦੌੜ ਗਈ.ਗਈ। Itਲਾਗੇਰਲੋਫ਼ wasਨਾਲ herਉਸ friendshipਦੀ withਦੋਸਤੀ Lagerlöfਸੀ thatਜਿਸਨੇ savedਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ theirਦੇ livesਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਬਚਾਇਆ: shortlyਆਪਣੀ beforeਮੌਤ herਤੋਂ ownਥੋੜਾ deathਸਮਾਂ Lagerlöfਪਹਿਲਾਂ intervenedਲਾਗੇਰਲੋਫ਼ withਨੇ theਜਰਮਨੀ Swedishਤੋਂ royalਆਪਣੇ familyਰਿਹਾਈ toਲਈ secureਸਵੀਡਨ theirਦੇ releaseਸ਼ਾਹੀ fromਪਰਿਵਾਰ Germany.ਨਾਲ Sachsਗੱਲ andਕੀਤੀ। herਸਾਕਸ motherਅਤੇ escapedਉਸ onਦੀ theਮਾਤਾ lastਹਵਾਈ flightਉੜਾਨ fromਰਾਹੀਂ Naziਸਾਕਸ Germanyਦੇ toਤਸ਼ੱਦਦ Sweden,ਕੈੰਪ aਚ weekਰਿਪੋਰਟ beforeਕਰਨ Sachsਲਈ wasਤਹਿ scheduledਕੀਤੇ toਸਮੇਂ reportਤੋਂ to aਇੱਕ concentrationਹਫ਼ਤਾ camp.ਪਹਿਲਾਂ Theyਨਾਜ਼ੀ settledਜਰਮਨੀ inਤੋਂ Swedenਸਵੀਡਨ andਚਲੀਆਂ Sachsਗਈਆਂ। becameਉਹ aਸਵੀਡਨ Swedishਵਿੱਚ citizenਵਸ inਗਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਕਸ 1952. ਵਿਚ ਸਵੀਡਨ ਦੀ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ ਬਣ ਗਈ।
== ਪੁਸਤਕ ਸੂਚੀ==
Living in a tiny two-room apartment in Stockholm, Sachs cared alone for her mother for many years, and supported their existence by translations between Swedish and German. After her mother's death, Sachs suffered several nervous breakdowns characterized by hallucinations, paranoia, and delusions of persecution by Nazis, and she spent a number of years in a mental institution. She continued to write even while hospitalized. She eventually recovered sufficiently to live on her own, though her mental health would always be fragile. Her worst breakdown was ostensibly precipitated by hearing German speech during a trip to Switzerland to accept a literary prize. However, she maintained a forgiving attitude toward a younger generation of Germans, and corresponded with many German-speaking writers of the postwar period, including Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Ingeborg Bachmann.
== Paul Celan and lyrical poetry ==
In the context of the [[ਯਹੂਦੀ ਘੱਲੂਘਾਰਾ|Shoah]], her deep friendship with "brother" poet Paul Celan is often noted today. Their bond was described in one of Celan's most famous poems, "Zürich, Zum Storchen" ("Zürich, The Stork Inn").<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/celan-selected.html Excerpt ''Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan''], translated by John Felstiner. </ref> Sachs and Celan shared Holocaust and the fate of the Jews throughout history, their interest in Jewish and Christian mysticism, and their literary models; their imagery was often remarkably similar though developed independently. Their friendship was supportive during professional conflicts. Celan also suffered from artistic infighting (Claire Goll's accusations of plagiarism) during a period of frustration with the reception of his work. When Sachs met Celan she was embroiled in a long dispute with Finnish-Jewish composer Moses Pergament over his musical adaptation of her stage play ''Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels''. In Celan, she found someone who understood her own anxiety and hardships as an artist.
Sachs' poetry is intensely lyrical and reflects some influence by German [[ਰੋਮਾਂਸਵਾਦ|Romanticism]], especially in her early work. The poetry she wrote as a young woman in Berlin is more inspired by Christianity than Judaism and makes use of traditional Romantic imagery and themes. Much of it concerns an unhappy love affair Sachs suffered in her teens, with a non-Jewish man who would eventually be killed in a concentration camp. After Sachs learned of her only love interest's death, she bound up his fate with that of her people and wrote many love lyrics ending not only in the beloved's death, but in the catastrophe of the Holocaust. Sachs herself mourns no longer as a jilted lover but as a personification of the Jewish people in their vexed relationship to history and God. Sachs' fusion of grief with subtly romantic elements is in keeping with the imagery of the kabbalah, where the Shekhinah represents God's presence on earth and mourns for the separation of God from His people in their suffering. Thus Sachs' Romanticism allowed her to develop self-consciously from a German to a Jewish writer, with a corresponding change in her language: still flowery and conventional in some of her first poetry on the Holocaust, it becomes ever more compressed and surreal, returning to a series of the same images and tropes (dust, stars, breath, stones and jewels, blood, dancers, fish suffering out of water, madness, and the ever-frustrated love) in ways that are sometimes comprehensible only to her readers, but always moving and disturbing. Though Sachs does not resemble many authors, she appears to have been influenced by Gertrud Kolmar and Else Lasker-Schüler in addition to Paul Celan.
In 1961 she became the inaugural winner of the Nelly Sachs Prize, a literary prize awarded biennially by the German city of Dortmund, and named in her honour. When, with Shmuel Yosef Agnon, she was awarded the 1966 [[ਸਾਹਿਤ ਲਈ ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ|Nobel Prize in Literature]], she observed that Agnon represented Israel whereas "I represent the tragedy of the Jewish people."
Following her death from intestinal cancer in 1970, Nelly Sachs was interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm. Her possessions were donated to the National Library of Sweden.<ref>[http://www.kb.se/aktuellt/evenemang/Nelly-Sachs-i-KBs-samlingar/ Nelly Sachs' collection at the National Library of Sweden]</ref>
A memorial plaque commemorates her birthplace, Maaßenstraße 12, in Schöneberg, Berlin; where there is also a park, in Dennewitzstraße, named after her. A park on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm also bears her name.
== Bibliography ==
* ''The Seeker, and Other Poems'' (1970), Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780374257804|ISBN 978-0-374-25780-4]]
* ''Collected Poems I, 1944–1949'' (2007), Green Integer. [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781933382579|ISBN 978-1-933382-57-9]]
== Seeਇਹ alsoਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ ==
* [[ਨੋਬਲ ਇਨਾਮ ਜੇਤੂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ|List of female Nobel laureates]]
* List of Jewish Nobel laureates
* Manfred George, Nelly Sachs' cousin
== ਟਿੱਪਣੀਆਂ ==
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