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== ਹਵਾਲੇ ==
{{reflist|colwidth=22em}}
=== ਕਥਨ ===
{{reflist|group=quotations}}
=== ਹਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸੂਚੀ ===
{{div col|2}}
* Adkins, C.J. (1968/1983). ''Equilibrium Thermodynamics'', (1st edition 1968), third edition 1983, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, {{ISBN|0-521-25445-0}}.
* [[Peter Atkins|Atkins, P.]], de Paula, J. (1978/2010). ''Physical Chemistry'', (first edition 1978), ninth edition 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, {{ISBN|978-0-19-954337-3}}.
* Bacon, F. (1620). ''Novum Organum Scientiarum'', translated by Devey, J., P.F. Collier & Son, New York, 1902.
* {{cite book|last=Baierlein|first=R.|title=Thermal Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUU71spbZYC&pg=PA21|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-65838-6}}
* Bailyn, M. (1994). ''A Survey of Thermodynamics'', American Institute of Physics Press, New York, {{ISBN|0-88318-797-3}}.
* [[Max Born|Born, M.]] (1949). [https://archive.org/details/naturalphilosoph032159mbp ''Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance''], Oxford University Press, London.
* [[George H. Bryan|Bryan, G.H.]] (1907). [https://archive.org/details/ost-physics-thermodynamicsin00bryauoft ''Thermodynamics. An Introductory Treatise dealing mainly with First Principles and their Direct Applications''], B.G. Teubner, Leipzig.
* [[Herbert Callen|Callen, H.B.]] (1960/1985). ''Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics'', (1st edition 1960) 2nd edition 1985, Wiley, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-86256-8}}.
* {{cite journal
|last=Carathéodory
|first=C.
|author-link=Constantin Carathéodory
|title=Untersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik
|year=1909
|journal=Mathematische Annalen
|volume=67
|pages=355–386
|doi=10.1007/BF01450409}} A translation may be found [http://neo-classical-physics.info/uploads/3/0/6/5/3065888/caratheodory_-_thermodynamics.pdf here]. A mostly reliable translation is to be found at Kestin, J. (1976). ''The Second Law of Thermodynamics'', Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg PA.
* [[Subrahamanyan Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar, S.]] (1961). ''Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability'', Oxford University Press, Oxford UK.
* {{cite book | last=Clark|first= J. O. E.| title=The Essential Dictionary of Science | publisher=Barnes & Noble Books | year=2004 | isbn=0-7607-4616-8}}
* [[Rudolf Clausius|Clausius, R.]] (1854). ''[[Annalen der Physik]]'' (''Poggendoff's Annalen''), Dec. 1854, vol. xciii. p. 481; translated in the ''Journal de Mathematiques'', vol. xx. Paris, 1855, and in the ''Philosophical Magazine'', August 1856, s. 4. vol. xii, p. 81.
* [[Rudolf Clausius|Clausius, R.]] (1865/1867). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8LIEAAAAYAAJ&q=necessitating+any+other#v=snippet&q=necessitating%20any%20other&f=false ''The Mechanical Theory of Heat – with its Applications to the Steam Engine and to Physical Properties of Bodies''], London: John van Voorst, 1 Paternoster Row. MDCCCLXVII. Also the second edition translated into English by W.R. Browne (1879) [https://archive.org/details/cu31924101120883 here] and [http://www3.nd.edu/~powers/ame.20231/clausius1879.pdf here].
* De Groot, S.R., [[Peter Mazur|Mazur, P.]] (1962). ''Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam. Reprinted (1984), Dover Publications Inc., New York, {{ISBN|0486647412}}.
*Denbigh, K. (1955/1981). ''The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, {{ISBN|0-521-23682-7}}.
* Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003). ''Entropy'', Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, {{ISBN|0-691-11338-6}}.
* {{Citation
| last = Guggenheim
| first = E.A.
| author-link = Edward A. Guggenheim
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| other =
| title = Thermodynamics. An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists
| place = Amsterdam
| publisher = [[Elsevier|North-Holland Publishing Company.]]
| series =
| volume =
| origyear = 1949
| year = 1967
| edition = fifth
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
}}
*{{Cite journal
|last=Jensen
|first=W.B.
|title=Why Are q and Q Used to Symbolize Heat?
|journal=J. Chem. Educ.
|year=2010
|volume=87
|issue=11
|pages=1142
|url=http://www.che.uc.edu/jensen/W.%20B.%20Jensen/Reprints/182.%20q%20and%20Q.pdf
|accessdate=23 Mar 2015
|bibcode=2010JChEd..87.1142J
|doi=10.1021/ed100769d
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114613/http://www.che.uc.edu/jensen/W.%20B.%20Jensen/Reprints/182.%20q%20and%20Q.pdf
|archivedate=2 April 2015
|df=
}}
* {{citation
|author=J. P. Joule
|author-link=James Prescott Joule
|title=The Scientific Papers of James Prescott Joule
|year=1884
|publisher=The Physical Society of London
|page=274}}, Lecture on Matter, Living Force, and Heat. 5 and 12 May 1847.
* Kittel, C. Kroemer, H. (1980). ''Thermal Physics'', second edition, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, {{ISBN|0-7167-1088-9}}.
* {{Citation
| last = Kondepudi
| first = D.
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| other =
| title = Introduction to Modern Thermodynamics
| place = Chichester UK
| publisher = Wiley
| series =
| volume =
| origyear =
| year = 2008
| edition =
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 978-0-470-01598-8
}}
* Kondepudi, D., [[Ilya Prigogine|Prigogine, I.]] (1998). ''Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures'', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, {{ISBN|0-471-97393-9}}.
* [[Lev Landau|Landau, L.]], [[Evgeny Lifshitz|Lifshitz, E.M.]] (1958/1969). [https://archive.org/details/StatisticalPhysics ''Statistical Physics''], volume 5 of ''Course of Theoretical Physics'', translated from the Russian by J.B. Sykes, M.J. Kearsley, Pergamon, Oxford.
* Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, e-{{ISBN|978-3-540-74252-4}}.
* Lieb, E.H., Yngvason, J. (2003). The Entropy of Classical Thermodynamics, Chapter 8 of ''Entropy'', Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003).
* {{Citation
| last = Maxwell
| first = J.C.
| author-link = James Clerk Maxwell
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| other =
| title = Theory of Heat
| place = London
| publisher = [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]]
| series =
| volume =
| origyear =
| year = 1871
| edition = first
| language =
| url = https://archive.org/details/theoryheat04maxwgoog
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
}}
* {{Citation
| last = Partington
| first = J.R.
| author-link = J.R. Partington
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| other =
| title = An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry.
| place = Fundamental Principles. The Properties of Gases, London
| publisher = [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]]
| series =
| volume = volume 1
| origyear =
| year = 1949
| edition =
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
}}
* {{cite book | last=Perrot| first=Pierre | title=A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-856552-6}}
* [[Brian Pippard|Pippard, A.B.]] (1957/1966). ''Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics'', original publication 1957, reprint 1966, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.
* [[Max Planck|Planck, M.]], (1897/1903). [https://archive.org/details/treatiseonthermo00planrich ''Treatise on Thermodynamics''], translated by A. Ogg, first English edition, [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]], London.
* [[Max Planck|Planck. M.]] (1914). [https://archive.org/details/theoryofheatradi00planrich ''The Theory of Heat Radiation''], a translation by Masius, M. of the second German edition, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Philadelphia.
* [[Max Planck|Planck, M.]], (1923/1927). ''Treatise on Thermodynamics'', translated by A. Ogg, third English edition, [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]], London.
* {{Cite book
|last=Reif
|first=F.
|title= Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics
|year=1965
|publisher=McGraw-Hlll, Inc.
|location=New York}}
* Shavit, A., Gutfinger, C. (1995). ''Thermodynamics. From Concepts to Applications'', Prentice Hall, London, {{ISBN|0-13-288267-1}}.
* [[Clifford Truesdell|Truesdell, C.]] (1969). ''Rational Thermodynamics: a Course of Lectures on Selected Topics'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
* [[Clifford Truesdell|Truesdell, C.]] (1980). ''The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics 1822–1854'', Springer, New York, {{ISBN|0-387-90403-4}}.
{{refend}}
{{div col end}}
=== ਹੋਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸੂਚੀ ===
* {{cite journal|last=Beretta|first=G.P.|author2=E.P. Gyftopoulos |authorlink2=Elias Gyftopoulos |title=What is heat?|journal=Education in thermodynamics and energy systems|year=1990|volume=20|series=AES|url=http://www.ing.unibs.it/~beretta/www.EliasGyftopoulos.org/EPGyftopoulos-papers/p84-BerettaGyftopoulos-ASME-AES20-33-1990.pdf|publisher=American Society of Mechanical Engineers|location=New York}}
* Gyftopoulos, E. P., & Beretta, G. P. (1991). ''Thermodynamics: foundations and applications.'' (Dover Publications)
* Hatsopoulos, G. N., & Keenan, J. H. (1981). Principles of general thermodynamics. RE Krieger Publishing Company.
== ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ ==
* {{In Our Time|Heat|b00fq3d4|Heat}}
* [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,187464,00.html Plasma heat at 2 gigakelvins] – Article about extremely high temperature generated by scientists (Foxnews.com)
* [http://www.cheresources.com/convection.shtml Correlations for Convective Heat Transfer] – ChE Online Resources
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