ਕੁਬਤੀ ਲੋਕ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਮਿਟਾਈ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਜੋੜੀ
ਛੋ clean up using AWB
ਛੋ clean up ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਨਾਲ AWB
ਲਾਈਨ 6:
|region1 = {{Flagcountry|ਮਿਸਰ}}
|pop1 = ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੇ 90 ਲੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਡੇਢ ਕਰੋੜ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਹਨ
|ref1 = {{#tag:ref|Official population counts put the number of Copts at around 16–18% of the population, while some Coptic voices claim figures as high as 23%. While some scholars defend the soundness of the official population census (cf. E.J.Chitham, The Coptic Community in Egypt. Spatial and Social Change, Durham 1986), most scholars and international observers assume that the Christian share of Egypt's population is higher than stated by the Egyptian government. Most independent estimates fall within range between 10% and 20%,<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian Coptic protesters freed|first=|last=|newspaper=BBC|date=22 December 2004|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4117831.stm|accessdate=}}</ref> for example the CIA World Factbook {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=Egypt|author=|date=|work=The World Factbook|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=27 August 2010}}, {{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=The Copts and Their Political ImplicationsPolitical।mplications in Egypt|author=Khairi Abaza and Mark Nakhla|date=25 October 2005|work=|publisher=The Washington InstituteWashington।nstitute|accessdate=27 August 2010}}, Encyclopædia Britannica (1985), or Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago). For a projected 83,000,000+ Egyptians in 2009, this assumption yields the above figures.<br>In 2008, [[Pope Shenouda IIIShenouda।II]] and Bishop Morkos, bishop of [[Shubra]], declared that the number of Copts in Egypt is more than 12 million. In।n the same year, father Morkos Aziz the prominent priest in Cairo declared that the number of Copts (inside Egypt) exceeds 16 million. {{cite web|url=http://www.unitedcopts.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3073&Itemid=71|title=?|author=|date=29 October 2008|work=|publisher=United Copts of Great Britain|accessdate=27 August 2010}} and {{cite web|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/08/28/55639.html|title=?|author=|date=|work=|publisher=العربية.نت|accessdate=27 August 2010}} Furthermore, the Washington InstituteWashington।nstitute for Near East Policy {{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=The Copts and Their Political ImplicationsPolitical।mplications in Egypt|author=Khairi Abaza and Mark Nakhla|date=25 October 2005|work=|publisher=|accessdate=27 August 2010}} Encyclopædia Britannica (1985), and Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago) estimate the percentage of Copts in Egypt to be up to 20% of the Egyptian population.}}<br>
|region2 = {{Flagcountry|ਸੁਡਾਨ}}
|pop2 = ਤਕ. 500,000
ਲਾਈਨ 15:
|region4 = {{Flagcountry|ਕੈਨੇਡਾ}}
|pop4 = ਤਕ. 200,000
|ref4 = <ref name="Montreal Gazette"/><ref name="elaph.com">[http://www.elaph.com/Web/news/2011/1/622635.html] {{dead link|date=July 2013}}</ref>
|region5 = {{Flagcountry|ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਆ}}
|pop5 = ਤਕ. 75,000 (2003)
|ref5 = <ref name="parliament.nsw.gov.au">In the year 2003, there was an estimated 70,000 Copts in New South Wales alone: – {{cite hansard| url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LC20031112040| house=Parliament of NSW – Legislative Council| date= 12 November 2003| page=Page: 4772: – ''Coptic Orthodox Church (NSW) Property Trust Amendment Bill''}}</ref><ref name="coptic.org.au">[http://www.coptic.org.au/modules/diocese_bodies The Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Sydney & its Affiliated Regions – Under the Guidance of His Grace Bishop Daniel]</ref>
|region6 = {{Flagcountry|ਇਟਲੀ}}
|pop6 = ca. 30,000
|ref6 = <ref name="CESNUR - Centro studi sulle nuove religioni (Center for Studies on New Religions)">[http://www.cesnur.org/religioni_italia/o/ortodossia_16.htm ''Le religioni in Italiain।talia. La Chiesa Copta (Religions in Italyin।taly. Coptic Church'')]</ref>
| rels = ਮੁੱਖ: ਕੁਬਤੀ ਕੱਟੜਪੰਥੀ ਇਸਾਈਅਤ।<br>ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀਆਂ: ਕੁਬਤੀ ਕੈਥੋਲਿਕਵਾਦ; ਕਈ ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟੈਂਟ ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀਆਂ
| scrips = [[ਬਾਈਬਲ]]
| langs = [[ਮਿਸਰੀ ਅਰਬੀ]]<br>Liturgical: [[ਕੁਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ|ਕੁਬਤੀ]]}}
 
'''ਕੁਬਤੀ''' ਜਾਂ '''ਕਿਬਤੀ''' ਜਾਂ '''ਕੌਪਟਿਕ''' ਲੋਕ [[ਮਿਸਰ]] ਦੇ ਜੱਦੀ ਇਸਾਈ ਲੋਕ ({{lang-cop|ⲟⲩⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ̀ⲛ̀Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̀ⲁⲛⲟⲥ}} ''{{transl|cop|ou.Remenkīmi en.Ekhristianos }}''; {{lang-arz|اقباط}}, {{IPA-arz|ɑʔˈbɑːtˤ|IPA}}) ਅਤੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿਚਲਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਇਸਾਈ ਫ਼ਿਰਕਾ ਹਨ। 400-800 ਈਸਵੀ ਤੱਕ ਇਸਾਈਅਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਸਰੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਧਰਮ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੀ ਹੱਲੇ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ 10ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਤੱਕ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਲੋਕ ਇਸ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਧਾਰਨੀ ਸਨ<ref name="U.S. Bill Has Egypt's Copts Squirming">{{cite news| last = Ibrahim।brahim| first = Youssef M.| title= U.S. Bill Has Egypt's Copts Squirming| work= [[The New York Times]]| date=April 18, 1998| url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02E5DC103DF931A25757C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1| accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> ਪਰ ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਮਕਬੂਲ ਰਹਿ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਇਤਹਾਸਕ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਇਹ ਲੋਕ [[ਕੁਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ]] ਬੋਲਦੇ ਸਨ ਜੋ ਰੋਮਨ ਜ਼ਮਾਨੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਦਿਮੋਤੀ ਮਿਸਰੀ ਦੇ ਬੰਸ 'ਚੋਂ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਬੋਲੀ ਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ 18ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਤੱਕ ਸੀਮਤ ਰਹਿ ਗਈ ਹੈ। ਹੁਣ ਇਹ [[ਅਰਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ|ਅਰਬੀ]] ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ।
 
==ਅਗਾਂਹ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ==
* Capuani, Massimo et al. ''Christian Egypt: Coptic Art and Monuments Through Two Millennia'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Christian-Egypt-Monuments-Through-Millennia/dp/0814624065/ excerpt and text search]
* Courbage, Youssef and Phillipe Fargues. Judy Mabro (Translator) ''Christians and Jews Under IslamUnder।slam'', 1997.
* Ibrahim।brahim, Vivian. ''The Copts of Egypt: The Challenges of Modernisation and Identityand।dentity'' (I.B. Tauris, distributed by Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 258 pages; examines historical relations between Coptic Christians and the Egyptian state and describes factionalism and activism in the community.
* Kamil, Jill. ''Coptic Egypt: History and a Guide.'' Revised Ed. American University in Cairo Press, 1990.
* Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August. ''Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity'' (2010)
* Tadros, Samuel. ''Motherland Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Quest for Modernity'' (2013) [http://www.amazon.com/Motherland-Lost-Egyptian-Coptic-Modernity/dp/081791644X/ excerpt and text search]
* {{cite book|author=Thomas, Martyn, ed.|title=Copts in Egypt: A Christian Minority Under Siege: Papers Presented at the First InternationalFirst।nternational Coptic Symposium, Zurich, September 23–25, 2004|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ooAaaMdOwpAC|year=2006|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht}}
* Van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries" ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'' (Aug 2010) 42#3 pp 479–482. Historiography
 
ਲਾਈਨ 53:
* [http://www.france-copte.net France-copte.net France Copte]
* [http://www.copticmuseum.gov.eg/English/default.htm Coptic Museum]
* [http://www.stpeterandstpaul.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=42&Itemid=30 In30।n Search of the Lost Egyptian IdentityEgyptian।dentity]
* [http://www.theestimate.com/public/01282000a.html Egypt's Copts After Kosheh]
* [http://www.ciaonet.org/book/bengio/bengio03.html Egypt: Minorities and the State]
* [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5636.htm Internationalhtm।nternational Religious Freedom Report: Egypt]
* [http://www.unitedcopts.org/ United Copts of Great Britain]
* [http://www.coptipedia.com/ Coptic Orthodox Church French texts]