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"Fertility" ਸਫ਼ੇ ਨੂੰ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ ਕਰਕੇ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ
 
ਛੋ clean up ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਨਾਲ AWB
ਲਾਈਨ 4:
 
== ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ==
ਜਨਸੰਖਿਅਕ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਉਪਜਾਊ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਸੰਭਾਵੀ ਔਲਾਦ ਦੀ ਅਸਲ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਨਾ ਕਿ ਪੈਦਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਦੀ ਜੋ ਉਪਜਾਊ ਦੀ ਟਰਮ ਹੈ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gfmer.ch/Books/Reproductive_health/The_demography_of_fertility_and_infertility.html|title=The demography of fertility and infertility|website=www.gfmer.ch}}</ref><ref>http://www.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/fecundity-fertility</ref>
 
== ਬਾਂਝਪਨ ==
ਬਾਂਝਪਨ ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਗਰਭਵਤੀ ਹੋਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਯੋਗਦਾਨ ਪਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਸਮਰਥਤਾ ਦਾ ਸੰਕੇਤ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਨਪੁੰਸਕਤਾ ਇੱਕ ਔਰਤ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਸੰਕੇਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਪੂਰਨਕਾਲ ਲਈ ਗਰਭ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਸਮਰੱਥ ਹੈ। ਬਾਂਝਪਨ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਕਾਰਕ ਹਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁੱਝ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਡਾਕਟਰੀ ਦਖਲ ਦਾ ਇਲਾਜ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ।<ref name="pmid14569805">{{Cite journal|last=Makar|first=Robert S.|last2=Toth|first2=Thomas L.|year=2002|title=The Evaluation of Infertilityof।nfertility|url=https://academic.oup.com/ppr/article-abstract/117/suppl_1/S95/2291767/The-Evaluation-of-Infertility|dead-url=yes|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=117 Suppl|pages=S95–103|doi=10.1309/w8lj-k377-dhra-cp0b|pmid=14569805|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213025113/https://academic.oup.com/ppr/article-abstract/117/suppl_1/S95/2291767/The-Evaluation-of-Infertility|archive-date=2017-02-13}}</ref>
 
== ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ ==
ਲਾਈਨ 18:
 
* Barrett, Richard E., Donald J. Bogue, and Douglas L. Anderton. ''The Population of the United States'' 3rd Edition (1997) compendium of data
* {{Cite journal|last=Campagne|first=Daniel M|year=2013|title=Can Male Fertility Be ImprovedBe।mproved Prior to Assisted Reproduction through The Control of Uncommonly Considered Factors?|journal=International Journal of Fertility & Sterility|volume=6|issue=4|pages=214–23|pmc=3850314|pmid=24520443}}
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Campagne</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Daniel M</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2013</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Can Male Fertility Be ImprovedBe।mproved Prior to Assisted Reproduction through The Control of Uncommonly Considered Factors?</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">International Journal of Fertility & Sterility</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">6</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">214–23</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3850314</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique IdentifierUnique।dentifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">24520443</div></div></div></div>
* Coale, Ansley J. and Susan C. Watkins, eds. ''The Decline of Fertility in Europe,'' (1986)
* Eversley, D. E. C. ''Social Theories of Fertility and the Malthusian Debate'' (1959) [https://www.questia.com/read/27821849 online edition]
ਲਾਈਨ 26:
* Grabill, Wilson H.. Clyde V. Kiser, Pascal K. Whelpton. ''The Fertility of American Women'' (1958), influential study at the peak of the Baby Boom [https://www.questia.com/read/31149540 online edition]
* GuzmÁn, JosÉ Miguel et al. ''The Fertility Transition in Latin America'' (1996) [https://www.questia.com/read/91845268 online edition]
* Haines, Michael R. and Richard H. Steckel (eds.), ''A Population History of North America.'' Cambridge University Press, 2000, 752 pp. advanced scholarship
* Hawes, Joseph M. and Elizabeth IElizabeth।. Nybakken, eds. ''American Families: a Research Guide and Historical Handbook.'' (Greenwood Press, 1991)
* Klein, Herbert S. ''A Population History of the United States.'' Cambridge University Press, 2004. 316 pp
* Knox, P. L. et al. ''The United States: A Contemporary Human Geography.'' Longman, 1988. 287 pp.
* Kohler, Hans-Peter ''Fertility and Social InteractionSocial।nteraction: An Economic Perspective'' (2001) [https://www.questia.com/read/110004723 online edition]
* Leete, Richard. ''Dynamics of Values in Fertility Change'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/read/77198881 online edition]
* Lovett, Laura L. ''Conceiving the Future: Pronatalism, Reproduction, and the Family in the United States, 1890–1938,'' (2007) 236 pages;
* Mintz Steven and Susan Kellogg. ''Domestic Revolutions: a Social History of American Family Life.'' (1988)
* Pampel, Fred C. and H. Elizabeth Peters, "The Easterlin Effect," ''Annual Review of Sociology'' (1995) v21 pp 163–194]
* Population Reference Bureau, ''Population Handbook'' (5th ed. 2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090604214506/http://prb.org/Reports/2004/PopulationHandbook5thedition.aspx online] (5th ed. 2004).
* Reed, James. ''From Private Vice to Public Virtue: The Birth Control Movement and American Society Since 1830.'' 1978.
* Tarver, James D. ''The Demography of Africa'' (1996) [https://www.questia.com/read/26237427 online edition]
* Weeks, John R. ''Population: An IntroductionAn।ntroduction to Concepts and Issuesand।ssues'' (10th ed. 2007), standard textbook
 
== ਰਸਾਲੇ ==
ਲਾਈਨ 44:
* ''Demography'' — [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/dem/ Scope and links to issue contents & abstracts.]
* ''Journal of Population Economics''
* ''Population and Development Review'' — [https://web.archive.org/web/20121109142236/http://www.popcouncil.org/pdr Aims and abstract & supplement links.]
* ''Population Bulletin'' — Each issue on a [https://web.archive.org/web/20081117162726/https://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationBulletins.aspx current population topic.]
* ''Population Studies'' —[http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/00324728.asp Aims and scope.]
* ''Review of Economics of the Household''
 
== ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ ==
 
* Josef Ehmer, Jens Ehrhardt, Martin Kohli (Eds.): [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527141349/http://www.gesis.org/en/hsr/current-issues/current-issues-2010-2012/362-fertility/ ''Fertility in the History of the 20th Century: Trends, Theories, Policies, Discourses'']. Historical Social Research 36 (2), 2011.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831054611/http://www.hfea.gov.uk/fertility.html Fertility treatment and clinics in the UK - HFEA]
* [http://www.fertilityroad.com/fertility Fertility information and advice in the UK - Fertility Road]
* Jorge Chavarro (2009) ''The Fertility Diet: Groundbreaking Research Reveals Natural Ways to Boost Ovulation and Improveand।mprove Your Chances of Getting Pregnant,'' McGraw-Hill Professional. {{ISBN|978-0-07-162710-8}}978-0-07-162710-8
* {{Cite journal|last=Bock J|year=2002|title=Introduction: evolutionary theory and the search for a unified theory of fertility|url=http://anthro.fullerton.edu/jbock/BockIntroAJHB.pdf|format=PDF|journal=Am. J. Hum. Biol.|volume=14|issue=2|pages=145–8|doi=10.1002/ajhb.10039|pmid=11891930}}
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Bock J</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Introduction: evolutionary theory and the search for a unified theory of fertility</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type &quot;http://...&quot; or maybe even the &amp;nbsp;protocol relative scheme &quot;//...&quot;" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://anthro.fullerton.edu/jbock/BockIntroAJHB.pdf</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="format" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Format</span><span data-key="format" title="Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="format" style="position: relative;">PDF</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am. J. Hum. Biol.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">14</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">145–8</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object IdentifierObject।dentifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1002/ajhb.10039</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique IdentifierUnique।dentifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">11891930</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite journal|last=Jones C|date=March 2008|title=Ethical and legal conundrums of postmodern procreation|journal=Int J Gynaecol Obstet|volume=100|issue=3|pages=208–10|doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.09.031|pmid=18062970}}
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Jones C</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Source date</span><span data-key="date" title="Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">March 2008</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Ethical and legal conundrums of postmodern procreation</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Int J Gynaecol Obstet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">100</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">3</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">208–10</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object IdentifierObject।dentifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.09.031</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique IdentifierUnique।dentifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">18062970</div></div></div></div>
 
== ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ ==
 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100709055156/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/all-wpp-indicators_components.htm United Nations World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision], Data on fertility trends worldwide
 
[[ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਜਣਨ]]
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