ਪੰਜਾਬ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

'''''ਪੰਜਾਬ''''' ([[ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ]]: پنجاب) ਉੱਤਰ-[[ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ]] ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰੈਫ਼ਕ, ਕਲਚਰਲ ਅਤੇ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਖਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ। ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖ਼ਿੱਤੇ ਵਿੱਚ [[ਪੰਜਾਬ, ਭਾਰਤ|ਚੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ]], [[ਪੰਜਾਬ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ|ਲਹਿੰਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ]], [[ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ]], [[ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ]], [[ਹਰਿਆਣਾ]], [[ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼]], [[ਦਿੱਲੀ]], ਉੱਤਰੀ [[ਰਾਜਿਸਥਾਨ]], ਇਸਲਾਮਾਬਾਦ ਕੈਪਟਲ ਟੇਰਾਟੋਰੀ ਅਤੇ [[ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੁਨਖ਼ਵਾ]] ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ।

 

ਖੇਤਰ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ, ''ਪੰਜਾਬ'', ਦੋ [[ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ]] ਦੇ ਲਫ਼ਜ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੇਲ ਹੈ,<ref name=EoS>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |title=The Punjab |author=H K Manmohan Siṅgh |work=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor-in-Chief Harbans Singh |publisher=[[Punjabi University]], Patiala |accessdate=18 August 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062705/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |archivedate=5 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1 ("Introduction")|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref> ''ਪੰਜ'' ਅਤੇ ''ਆਬ'' (ਪਾਣੀ), ਜਿਸਦਾ ਤਆਰਫ਼ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏ ਤੁਰਕੀ-ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਬੋਲਾਰਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਕੀਤਾ,<ref>{{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-521-52291-5}}</ref> ਅਤੇ ਜਿਸਨੂੰ [[ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਸਲਤਨਤ]] ਵਲੋਂ ਹੋਰ ਬਕਾਇਦਾ ਮਕਬੂਲੀਅਤ ਹਾਸਲ ਹੋਈ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Shimmel|first=Annemarie|title=The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture|year=2004|publisher=Reaktion Books Ltd.|location=London, United Kingdom|isbn=1-86189-1857}}</ref> ਇਸ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਹੈ "ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ", ਜ਼ਿਕਰ [[ਜੇਹਲਮ]], [[ਚਨਾਬ]], [[ਰਾਵੀ]], [[ਸਤਲੁਜ]] ਅਤੇ [[ਬਿਆਸ ਦਰਿਆ|ਬਿਆਸ]] ਦਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਦਾ।<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., vol. 20, Punjab, p.107</ref> [[ਯੂਨਾਨੀ|ਯੂਨਾਨੀਆਂ]] ਵਲੋਂ ਇਸ ਖੇਤਰ ਦਾ ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ''ਪੇਂਤਾਪੋਟੇਮੀਆ'' ਅਤੇ [[ਵੈਦਿਕ ਕਾਲ|ਵੇਦਕ ਸੋਸਾਇਟੀ]] ਵਲੋਂ ਸਪਤ ਸਿੰਧੂ ਨਾਵਾਂ ਨਾਲ਼ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ।<ref>{{cite book|author1-last=Lassen|author1-first=Christian|author-link=Christian Lassen|title=Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica|trans-title=A commentary on the Geography and History of the Pentapotamia Indica|year=1827|publisher=Weber|page=4|quote=pars ea indiae, quam hodie persico nomine Penjab vocamus, lingua Indorum sacra Panchanada appellatur; utrumque nomen Graece reddi potest per Πενταποταμια. Prioris nominis origio Persica haud est dubia, quanquam vocabula, exquibus est compositum, aeque Indica sunt ac Persica; At vero postremum hoc vacbulum ab Indis nunquam, quod sciam, in nominibus propriis hunc in modium componendis usurpatur; nomina contra Persica exstant permulta, quae vocabulo isto terminantur, ex. gr. Doab, Nilab, alia. Unde probabile fit, Penjabi nomen, quod hodie in omnibus libris geographicis obtinet, recentioris esse originis atque regibus Indiae Moslemiticis, quibus maxime in usu fuit lingua Persica, tribuendum. Nomen Panchanada Indicum esse priscum et genuium, inde patet, quod in Rameïde et Bharatea, carminibus Indorum antiquissimis iam legitur, nec praeter hoc aliud apud Indos exstat; Panchala enim, quod per Penjab reddunt interpretes Rameïdos Angli nomen est alius regionis, a Pentapotamia prorsus diversae, ut infra videbimus<br> A part of India, which today we call the name of the Penjab we call the Persian, the language of the Indians, is called the sacred Panchanada; both of which can be made by the Greek name of Πενταποταμια. Origio Persian former name is not in doubt, although the terms, since it is composed equally of Hindi and Persian; But, in truth, the ultimate purpose vacbulum between the Indians and never, to my knowledge, he is used in the names of their own this fellow in the composition of a bushel; the names of the against the Persians, there are at present, and which are terminated at that word, out of the. gr. Doab, Nilab, other. Wherefore it was likely the case, the name of Penjabi, which is to day in all the books of maps, the lord, is of later origin, and the kings of Moslemiticis of India, the Persian, the language of which we are mainly in the use of, must be given. The name of the Panchanada to be the ancient habits of the Indian, and the genuine, hence it is evident, that in the Rameïde and Bharatea, the songs of the Indians, the most ancient people have already read, we in addition to this there was another stands out among the Indians; PANCHAL that for Penjab pay teachers Rameïdos the English name of another region, the Pentapotamia entirely different, as we will see below."|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XbBCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3}}{{whose translation|reason=has several mistakes - looks like Google translation}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1-last=Latif|author1-first=Syad Muhammad|title=History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time|year=1891|publisher=[[Calcultta Central Press Company]]|page=1|quote=The Panjáb, the Pentapotamia of the Greek historians, the north-western region of the empire of Hindostán, derives its name from two Persian words, ''panj'' (five), an ''áb'' (water, having reference to the five rivers which confer on the country its distinguishing features." |url=https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RzBAAQAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1}}</ref><ref name="Khalid">{{cite journal|author1-last=Khalid|author1-first=Kanwal|title=Lahore of Pre Historic Era|journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan|volume=52|issue=2|page=73|year=2015|quote="The earliest mention of five rivers in the collective sense was found in Yajurveda and a word Panchananda was used, which is a Sanskrit word to

describe a land where five rivers meet. [...] In the later period the word ''Pentapotamia'' was used by the Greeks to identify this land. (''Penta'' means 5 and potamia, water ___ the land of five rivers) Muslim Historians implied the word "Punjab " for this region. Again it was not a new word because in Persian speaking areas, there are references of this name given to any particular place where five rivers or lakes meet."|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/7.%20Kanwal%20Khalid_v52_2_15.pdf}}</ref>