ਮਦਦ:ਜਾਣ-ਪਛਾਣ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਮਿਟਾਈ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਜੋੜੀ
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KLfilsqfn’ df bfnI bMdf isMG bhfdr -mihMdr isMG ccrfVI
BfvyN pMQk afjLfdI dy pRqIk ‘KLfilsqfn’ lPLjL df pRcln vIhvIN sdI dy cOQy dhfky ivc hoieaf, jdoN Bfrq dI afjLfdI dI lihr dOrfn muslmfnF dI numfieMdf jmfq musilm lIg ny vwKry dysL ‘pfiksqfn’ dI mMg kIqI sI. AudoN hI jfgrUk iswK hlikaF ivc iswK kOm dIaF afsF-AumMgF muqfbk vwKry dysL ‘KLfilsqfn’ dI sQfpnf df ivcfr AuWBiraf jo gwdfr qy ivkfAU iksm dy iswK lIzrF dI bdOlq isry nf cVH sikaf pr lgBg 300 sfl pihlF bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ny do sflF dy sMGrsL mgroN hI ‘KLfilsqfn’ dI sQfpnf kr idwqI sI.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr 1708 eI: ivc AudoN iswK bixaf sI, jdoN gurU goibMd isMG jI afpxy jIvn dy afKrI pVfa dOrfn nMdyV ivKy godfvrI ndI dy kMZy Ausƒ imly sn. ieh koeI acfnk hoieaf myl nhIN sI, sgoN sfihbjLfidaF dI sLhfdq mgroN gurU goibMd isMG jI AusdI Bfl ivc sn, qF ik ‘rfj krygf KLflsf’ dy sMklp dI pUrqI ho sky. ieQy suafl AuWTdf hY ik kI gurU goibMd isMG jI iekwly hI ‘KLflsf rfj’ dI sQfpnf nhIN kr skdy sn? swc qF ieh hY ik Aus vyly gurU goibMd isMG jI dI POjI qfkq KLqm ho cuwkI sI aqy muV POj bxfAux leI AunHF kol smF nhIN sI. ies leI AunHF ies kfrj leI bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ cuixaf, ijsny gurU goibMd isMG jI df rihMdf kfrj pUrf kIqf.
 
nMdyV qoN pMjfb qk lgBg 2000 iklomItr df pYNzf pYdl qih krn, POj iqafr krn aqy sMGrsL krky do sflF `c iswK kOm leI vwKry dysL dI sQfpnf krnI bMdf isMG bhfdr df lfsfnI kfrnfmf sI. jdoN bMdf isMG bhfdr nMdyV qoN quiraf sI, Aus vyly Aus kol gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bKsLy pMj qIr, KMzf qy ngfrf sI. ‘pMQ pRkfsL anusfr gurU goibMd jI ny slfh-msLvry leI pMj isMG, ijnHF dy nF ibnod isMG, bfj isMG, kfhn isMG, dieaf isMG qy rx isMG sn vI bMdf isMG bhfdr dy nfl qury. ienHF qoN ielfvf 20 isMG hor nfl Byjy. ienHF 25 isMGF nfl bMdf isMG bhfdr ny iswK kOm df afpxf rfj sQfpq krn leI sMGrsL arMiBaf
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr dy qurn dI dyr sI ik idwlI phuMcdy sfr 4000 GoVsvfr aqy 7800 hor ispfhI Aus nfl af rly. ieh sfry iswK nhIN sn, blik ienHF ivc ihMdU, muslmfn, rfjpUq, jwt qy hornF kOmF dy lok vI sn, jo aOrMgjLyb dy jLulmF qoN duKI sn. hOlI-hOlI bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj dI igxqI 40 hjLfr dy krIb phuMc geI. bMdf isMG bhfdr ny mugLl hkUmq dy jLulmF qoN qMg afey hr bMdy ƒ afpxI POj ivc sLfml kIqf, BfvyN Auh iswK sI jF nhIN! ieh bMdf isMG bhfdr dI KuwlHidlI qy dUr-idRsLtI sI ik Ausny hkUmq nfl twkr lYx dI smrwQf pYdf krn leI gLYr-iswKF ƒ vI afpxI POj ivc sLfml kIqf, jo gurmiq dIaF mhfn rvfieqF dy anusfr vI sI. smkflI BrosyXog gvfhIaF muqfbk bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj ivc 5000 dy krIb muslmfn vI sn, jo gurU nfnk sfihb dI ivcfrDfrf dy hfmI sn.
 
hYrfnI vflI gwl ieh hY ik bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj ivc sLfml vDyry muslmfn ajoky eIrfn, ierfk, aPgfinsqfn qy arb mulkF qoN sn, jo gurU nfnk ƒ afpxf pIr mMndy sn qy hwj krn hr sfl mwky jFdy sn (ieQy ijLkrXog hY ik afpxI pwCmI mulkF dI AudfsI smyN gurU nfnk sfihb mwky ies leI gey sn ik AuQoN dy kfjLIaF ƒ dwisaf jf sky ik AuQy isjdf krky Bfrq afAuNdy rhy muslmfn hmlfvr ikvyN lokF `qy jLulm ZfhuMdy sn. jdik mwky dy kfjLI ieh smJdy sn ik Auh ieslfm dIaF sLrIaqF muqfbk kMm krdy sn. bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj `c sLfml muslmfnF dy vwzy-vzyry gurU nfnk dy ies leI pYrokfr bx gey sn ik Auh mwky gey sn).
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr ny afpxy guxF sdkf srb-sFJy jrnYl, afgU qy sLfsk hox df mfx pRfpq kIqf. Ausny iswKI dy dfiery qoN bfhr rih gey hjLfrF dilq lokF ƒ afpxy gl nfl lfieaf aqy AunHF dI BlfeI leI mhfn kfrj kIqy. bMdf isMG bhfdr dI ieh KfsIaq sI ik Auh reIsF vloN Koh-iKMJky iekwTI kIqI dOlq ƒ luwtky grIbF ivc vMz idMdf sI. sfl Br cwlI AusdI ies kfrvfeI sdkf Auh ‘dilqf df msIhf’ bxky AuWBiraf, ijsdy iswty vjoN hjLfrF dilq AusdI POj ivc sLfml ho gey. bMdf isMG bhfdr dy smfj BlfeI dy kfrj vyK vwzI igxqI `c vpfrI lok vI AusdI mdd `qy afey.
 
muslmfnF, ihMdUaF, jwtF, rfjpUqF, dilqF qy iswKF dI POj nfl bMdf isMG bhfdr ny iswK homlYNz `qy kfbjL hoeI jLulmI srihMd irafsq dy vwzy gVH smfxy `qy 10 nvMbr 1709 eI: ƒ hwlf boilaf aqy 24 GMitaF dy aMdr-aMdr smfxy ƒ afpxy kbjLy `c lY ilaf. ies mgroN kYNQl, GuVfm, Tskf, sLfhbfd, kpUrI, sZOrf afid QfvF `qy ijwqF pRfpq kridaF srihMd vwl ƒ vDxf sLurU kIqf. bMdf isMG bhfdr dy ‘KLflsf rfj’ vwl vD rhy kdmF ƒ vyKidaF mfJy qy duafby dy iswKF ny vI mugl hkUmq ivruwD bgfvq df JMzf bulMd kr idwqf aqy bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj nfl af rly. kuJ hI idnF `c isMGF ny srihMd ƒ sfry pfisaF qoN Gyr ilaf aqy afKrI hwly dI iqafrI hox lwgI. ies smyN mugLl POjF dI igxqI 60,000 dy krIb sI, jdik bMdf isMG bhfdr dI POj dI igxqI 50,000 dy krIb sI.
 
idnoN-idn iswK POjF srihMd df Gyrf qMg krdIaF jf rhIaF sn ik 12 meI 1710 ƒ srihMd dy sUbydfr qy sfihbjLfidaF dy kfql vjLIr KF df bMdf isMG bhfdr nfl iswDf tfkrf ho igaf (bMdf isMG bhfdr ny vjLIr KF ƒ 6 mhIny pihlF srihMd Cwz jfx dI icqfvnI dy idwqI sI, pr Aus ƒ afpxI qfkq `qy mfx sI aqy Auh lVfeI ivc iswKF nfl do-do hwQ krn leI iqafr sI). kuJ GMitaF dI lVfeI mgroN vjLIr KF, bMdf isMG bhfdr hwQoN mfiraf igaf. jdik pRiswD ieiqhfskfr zf[ gMzf isMG muqfbk ijs smyN bfj isMG ny vjLIr KF ƒ GoVy qoN hyTF suwt ky jLKmI kr idwqf sI, Aus smyN iek isMG ny vjLIr KF dy ikrpfn KoB idwqI qy Auh mfiraf igaf. jdik vDyry vjLndfr qwQ (jo aMgryjL ieiqhfskfr mYkflP ny iliKaf) ieh hY ik vjLIr KF, bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ vyK ky eyny jfho-jlfl ivc af igaf sI ik Auh afpxy bfzIgfrzF df Gyrf AulMGky bMdf isMG bhfdr vwl viDaf aqy afhmo-sfhmxI lVfeI ivc vjLIr KF, bMdf isMG bhfdr hwQoN mfiraf igaf. ies mgroN mugLl POj mYdfn Cwz ky dOV geI aqy bMdf isMG bhfdr ny srihMd `qy kbjLf krky KLflseI JMzy Julf idwqy.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr df KLfilsqfn
 
srihMd `qy kbjLf hox mgroN bMdf isMG bhfdr ny ieQoN 150 iklomItr pUrb ivc siQq lohgVH dy iklHy ƒ afpxI rfjDfnI bxfieaf. POjI njLrIey qoN ieh iek vDIaf cox sI. tuwty-Bwjy iklHy dI murMmq krky nvF bxfieaf igaf. pihlF ies iklHy df nF muKilsgVH sI, ijs ƒ sLfh jhfn dy jrnYl muKils KF ny qfmIr krvfieaf sI. iklHy dI murMmq mgroN iswK POjF dy sLsqr-bsqr, KjLfnf qy hor aihm dsqfvyjL ieQy iekwqr kIqy gey aqy iklHy dy 4 iklomItr eyrIey ƒ rfjDfnI Kyqr aYlfinaf igaf (ieh QF ajoky cMzIgVH dy rylvy stysLn kol hY). bMdf isMG bhfdr rojLfnf ‘iswK drbfr’ lfAuNdf aqy lokF dIaF duK-qklIPF suxdf.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr ny afpxy rfj df vwKrf iswkf jfrI kIqf aqy iesdI Currency Value inrDfrq kIqI, jo mugLlF dy iswiKaF nfloN vwD sI. ieh ‘KLflsf rfj’ df iswkf khfieaf, jo PfrsI ivc jfrI kIqf igaf. bMdf isMG bhfdr dy rfj dI srkfrI BfsLf BfvyN PfrsI sI, pr vwK-vwK jLubfnF ƒ vI loVINdI mfnqf hfsl sI. Ausdy rfj ivc kul 28 BfsLfvF ƒ srkfrI mfnqf pRfpq sI. bMdf isMG bhfdr df rfj ajoky BfrqI pMjfb, pfiksqfnI pMjfb, mulqfn, eIrfn, aPgfinsqfn, ksLmIr, idwlI, hirafxf, rfjsQfn qy gujrfq qk PYilaf hoieaf sI. bMdf isMG bhfdr ny afpxy rfj df ivsQfr srbwq dy Bly dI Bfvnf qihq kIqf, jo sMsfr sLFqI df muwdeI sI. Aus vloN jfrI hr iswky, snd qy dsqfvyjL `qy ‘jLrb b-amfn dihr’ iliKaf hoieaf huMdf sI, ijsdf mqlb sI ‘sMsfr df sLFqI asQfn’.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr afpxy rfj ƒ akfl purK dI bKisLsL mMndf sI. Aus dy rfj ivc hr iklHy `qy gurbfxI dIaF qukF aMikq kIqIaF hoeIaF sn. bMdf isMG bhfdr ‘sMsfr sLFqI’ (World Peace) df muwdeI sI, jo srbwq dy Bly vflf ‘KLflsf rfj’ smuwcy sMsfr ivc PYlfAuxf cfhuMdf sI. bMdf isMG bhfdr dy srbwqvfdI rfj ƒ vyKky kfjLIaF ny ieh Pqvy jfrI kr idwqy sn ik “bMdf isMG bhfdr awlf df rsUl hY, jo vlI pIr gurU goibMd isMG dI ikrpf nfl DrqI `qy afieaf hY.” jdik bRfhmxF qy keI ihMdU ilKfrIaF ny bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ ‘lVfkf’ bxf ky pysL kIqf hY. bMdf isMG bhfdr sLFq icwq, sihj, sMjmI, dlyr qy prAupkfrI sLKsIaq sI, ijsny gurU nfnk dI srbwqvfdI iswKI ƒ amlI arQF `c lfgU krky ivKfieaf.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr dy rfj qoN eIrKf krdy kuJ bRfhmxF ny bfdsLfh bhfdrsLfh ƒ ieh JUTI isLkfieq kr idwqI ik bMdf isMG bhfdr Aus `qy hmlf krnf cfhuMdf hY, qF bfdsLfh Kud 1 lwK POj lY ky “KLflsf rfj” ivc dfKl hoieaf, pr isMGF dI qfkq mUhry KVH nf sikaf. zyZ mhInf lohgVH dy ierd-igrd POjI Gyrf pfeI rwKx qy POjI mrvfAux mgroN jd kuJ vI Ausdy hwQ-pwly nf ipaf, qF Ausny Gyrf cuwk ilaf aqy vfps idwlI muV igaf. ies mgroN 18 PrvrI 1712 ƒ AusdI mOq ho geI. 1712 qoN 7 dsMbr 1715 qk bMdf isMG bhfdr ny mugLlF dy BfrI ivroD dy bfvjUd “KLflsf rfj” gwj vwj ky clfieaf. ies mgroN Ausƒ 800 isMGF smyq gurdfs nMgl dI gVHI `coN igRPqfr kr ilaf igaf aqy iBafnk qsIhy dyx mgroN 10 jUn 1716 ƒ idwlI ivc sLhId kr idwqf igaf.
 
bMdf isMG bhfdr df 8 sfl (1708 qoN 1716 qk) df sMGrsLsLIl jIvn qy “KLflsf rfj” dI sQfpnf iek lfimsfl vrqfrf sI, ijs qoN syD lY ky iswK kOm ƒ afjLfd ‘KLfilsqfn’ vwl qyjLI nfl kdm vDfAux dI loV hY. ieh puxCfx krn dI loV hY ik bMdf isMG bhfdr ny 2 sflF dy sMGrsL mgroN hI ‘KLflsf rfj’ sQfpq kr idwqf sI, pr asIN sB sfDnF dy bfvjUd 20 sflF ( 1984 qoN 2004 qk) ivc ‘KLfilsqfn’ dI sQfpnf dy nyVy-qyVy vI nhIN phuMc sky.