ਉਸਮਾਨੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਮਿਟਾਈ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਜੋੜੀ
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ਲਾਈਨ 1:
{Infobox former country
|com{mon_name = Sublime Ottoman State
|native_name = دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه <br />''Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmâniyye''
|conventional_long_name = Ottoman Empire
|continent = Afroeurasia
|status = Empire
|event_start = [[Battle of Bapheus]]
|year_start = 1299
|event_end = [[Overthrow of Sultanate]]
|year_end = 1922
|date_end = 29 October 1923
|event_start = [[Foundation of Ottoman Empire|Founded]]
|event_end = [[Republic of Turkey]]<ref group=dn>The [[Treaty of Sèvres]] (10 August 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. The Great National Assembly declared that the Ottoman sultanate abolished from 16 March 1920 ([[military occupation of Constantinople]]) on 1 November 1922. The international recognition of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] was announced through the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] (24 July 1923). Then, the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] declared the successor state to be the modern-day "[[Republic of Turkey]]" (29 October 1923), which was the end of the Ottoman Empire in history.</ref>
|event1 = [[Ottoman Interregnum|Interregnum]]
|date_event1 = 1402–1414
|event2 = [[First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|1. Constitutional]]
|date_event2 = 1876–1878
|event3 = [[Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|2. Constitutional]]
|date_event3 = 1908–1918
|event4 = [[Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate|Sultanate abolished]] (1 November 1922) and departure of [[Mehmed VI]], the last Sultan (17 November 1922)
|date_event4 = 1 November 1922
|p1 = Byzantine Empire
|flag_p1 = Flag of Palaeologus Emperor.svg
|p2 = Sultanate of Rûm
|flag_p2 =
|p3 = Empire of Trebizond
|flag_p3 =
|p4 = Despotate of the Morea
|flag_p4 =
|p5 = Despotate of Epirus
|flag_p5 =
|p6 = Despotate of Dobruja
|flag_p6 =
|p7 = Duchy of the Archipelago
|flag_p7 =
|p8 = Karamanids
|flag_p8 = Karamanid Dynasty flag.svg
|p9 = Kingdom of Bosnia
|flag_p9 = Coat of Arms of the House of Kotromanić.svg
|p10 = Second Bulgarian Empire{{!}}Bulgarian Empire
|flag_p10 = Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg
|p11 = Serbian Empire
|flag_p11 = Supposed Serbian Empire flag.svg
|p12 = League of Lezhë
|flag_p12 = Coa Kastrioti Family.svg
|p13 = Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo){{!}}Mamluk Sultanate
|flag_p13 = Mameluke Flag.svg
|p14 = Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages
|flag_p14 = Coat of Arms of Hungary Historic Design.png
|p15 = Barbary Coast{{!}}Algeria and Tunis
|flag_p15 =
|s1 = Turkish Provisional Government
|flag_s1 = Flag of Turkey.svg
|s2 = First Hellenic Republic{{!}}Hellenic Republic
|flag_s2 = Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg
|s3 = Sultanate of Egypt
|flag_s3 = Egypt_flag_1882.svg
|s4 = Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|flag_s4 = Flag_of_Bosnia_(1878-1908).svg
|s5 = Principality of Serbia
|flag_s5 = Flag of Serbia (1830-1882).svg
|s6 = Provisional Government of Albania
|flag_s6 = Flag of Albanian Provisional Government 1912-1914.gif
|s7 = Kingdom of Romania
|flag_s7 = Flag of Romania.svg
|s8 = Principality of Bulgaria
|flag_s8 = Flag of Bulgaria.svg
|s9 = Modern history of Cyprus{{!}}British Cyprus
|flag_s9 = Cyprus Blue Ensign-1922.svg
|s10 = Kingdom of Iraq (Mandate administration){{!}}Mandatory Iraq
|flag_s10 = Flag of Iraq 1924.svg
|s11 = Mandatory Palestine
|flag_s11 = Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948.svg
|s12 = French Algeria
|flag_s12 = Flag_of_France.svg
|s13 = French protectorate of Tunisia{{!}}French Tunisia
|flag_s13 = Flag of French Tunisia.svg
|s14 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
|flag_s14 = Flag of Kuwait.svg
|s15 = Italian North Africa
|flag_s15 = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg
|s16 = Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen{{!}}Yemen
|flag_s16 = Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg
|s17 = Kingdom of Hejaz
|flag_s17 = Flag of Hejaz 1920.svg
|s18 = Kars Republic
|flag_s18 = Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg
|s19 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
|flag_s19 = Flag of Kuwait.svg
|s20 = Kingdom of Hejaz
|flag_s20 = Flag of Hejaz 1914.svg
|image_coat = Osmanli-nisani.svg
|image_flag = Ottoman flag alternative 2.svg
|flag = Ottoman flag
|symbol = Ottoman coat of arms
|image_map = Ottoman Empire 16-17th century.jpg
|image_map_caption = Maximal extent with the [[Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire|vassal states]] of the Ottoman Empire in AD 1590s.
|national_motto = دولت ابد مدت<br />Devlet-i Ebed-müddet<br />(The Eternal State)
|national_anthem = [[Ottoman imperial anthem]]
|capital = |capital = [[Söğüt]]<br><small>(1302–1326)</small><br> [[Bursa]]<br><small>(1326–1365)</small><br>[[Edirne]]<br><small>(1365–1453)</small><br>[[Istanbul]]<br><small>(1453–1922)
|common_languages = Official language:<br /> [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]]<br /> Regional languages:<br /> [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic|Babylonian]], [[Berber languages|Berber]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Caucasian languages|all the Caucasian languages]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]], [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Domari language|Domari]], [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Hebrew]], [[Judaeo-Spanish]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian languages]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Latin language|Latin]],<ref group=dn>In [[Republic of Ragusa]] which was under Ottoman protection.</ref> [[Laz language|Laz]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Rusyn language|Ruthenian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Somali language|Somali]],<ref>Yücel Karadaş, ''Ziya Gökalp'te Şarkiyatçılık: Doğu'nun batıcı üretimi'', Anahtar Kitaplar, 2008, [http://books.google.com/books?id=8Is3AQAAIAAJ&q=osmanl%C4%B1ca+t%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e+halk%C4%B1n+konu%C5%9Fulan&dq=osmanl%C4%B1ca+t%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e+halk%C4%B1n+konu%C5%9Fulan&hl=en&ei=Wc4aTtKwJa7imAX-6ukb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA p. 133.] {{Tr icon}}, ''Osmanlı devrinde resmi dil olarak kullanılan Osmanlıca ile halk arasında konuşulan Türkçe, söz konusu dönemde kullanılan dillerdir.''</ref><ref>Şerafettin Turan, ''Türk Kültür Tarihi: Türk Kültüründen Türkiye Kültürüne ve Evrenselliğe'', Bilgi Yayınevi, 1990, [http://books.google.com/books?id=9YkNAAAAIAAJ&q=%22osmanl%C4%B1ca%22+%22halk%C4%B1n+konu%C5%9Ftu%C4%9Fu+t%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e%22&dq=%22osmanl%C4%B1ca%22+%22halk%C4%B1n+konu%C5%9Ftu%C4%9Fu+t%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e%22&hl=en&ei=b88aTrrXPIyhmQWW7tkE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ p. 59.]{{Tr icon}}, ''...devlet kuruluşlarında kullanılan Arapça – Farsça – Türkçe karışımı Osmanlıca ile halkın konuştuğu Türkçe arasındaki uçurum giderek artarken, ...''</ref> [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Urum language|Urum]], [[Vlach language|Vlach]], [[Zazaki language|Zazaki]]
 
|government_type =[[Absolute monarchy]]<br><small>(1299-1876)</small><br><small>(1878-1908)</small><br><small>(1918-1922)</small><br>[[Constitutional monarchy]]<br><small>(1876-1878)</small><br><small>(1908-1918)</small>
|title_leader = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan]]
|leader1 = [[Osman I]]
|year_leader1 = 1281–1326 (first)
|leader2 = [[Mehmed VI]]
|year_leader2 = 1918–1922 (last)
|title_deputy = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier]]
|deputy1 = Alaeddin Pasha
|year_deputy1 = 1320–1331 (first)
|deputy2 = Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
|year_deputy2 = 1920–1922 (last)
|legislature = [[Imperial Parliament of the Ottoman Empire|Imperial Parliament]]
|house1 = [[Senate]]
|type_house1 =
|house2 = [[Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire|Chamber of Deputies]]
|type_house2 =
|stat_year1 = 1683
|ref_area1 =<ref name=uconn>{{cite web|url=http://www.yeniturkiye.com/display.asp?c=0340 |title=Yeni Turkiye Araştırma ve Yayın Merkezi; Geleceğin Türkiye'si bambaşka olacak |publisher=Yeniturkiye.com |accessdate=6 November 2011}}</ref>
|stat_area1 = 5200000
|ref_area1 =<ref name=autogenerated1>Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, "[http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf East-West Orientation of Historical Empires]", ''Journal of World-Systems Research'' Vol. 12 (no. 2), pp. 219–229 (2006).</ref>
|stat_year2 = 1914<ref>Dündar, Orhan; Dündar, Erhan, 1.Dünya Savaşı, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-11-1643-0</ref>
|stat_area2 = 1800000
|ref_area2 =
|stat_year3 = 1856
|stat_pop3 = 35350000
|stat_year4 = 1906
|stat_pop4 = 20884000
|stat_year5 = 1912
|stat_pop5 = 24000000
|ref_pop5 =<ref name=autogenerated2>Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Edward J. Erickson, page 59</ref>
|stat_year6 = 1914
|stat_pop6 = 18520000
|stat_year7 = 1919
|stat_pop7 = 14629000
|religion = Official religion:<br />[[Sunni Islam]]<br />Minority religions:<br />[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Roman Catholic church|Roman Catholic]], [[History of the Jews in Turkey#Ottoman era Christianity and Judaism|Judaism]]
|currency = [[Akçe]], [[Para (currency)|Para]], [[Kuruş]], [[Ottoman lira|Lira]], [[Sultani|Sultanî]]
|today = {{Collapsible list|title=Countries today|
{{flag|Albania}}|{{flag|Algeria}}|{{flag|Armenia}}|{{flag|Austria}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag|Bahrain}}|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|{{flag|Croatia}}|{{flag|Cyprus}}|{{flag|Djibouti}}|{{flag|Egypt}}|{{flag|Eritrea}}|{{flag|Ethiopia}}|{{flag|Georgia}}|{{flag|Greece}}|{{flag|Hungary}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Italy}}|{{flag|Jordan}}|{{flag|Kuwait}}|{{flag|Lebanon}}|{{flag|Libya}}|{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}|{{flag|Macedonia}}|{{flag|Moldova}}|{{flag|Morocco}}|{{flag|Montenegro}}|{{flag|Oman}}|{{flag|Palestinian territories}}|{{flag|Qatar}}|{{flag|Romania}}|{{flag|Russia}}|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}|{{flag|Serbia}}|{{flag|Slovakia}}|{{flag|Slovenia}}|{{flag|Somalia}}|{{flag|South Sudan}}|{{flag|Sudan}}|{{flag|Syria}}<br>{{flag|Tunisia}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}<br>{{flag|Ukraine}}<br>{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br>{{flag|Yemen}}
}}
|footnotes =<big>[[Timeline of the Ottoman Empire]]<br />[[Index of Ottoman Empire-related articles]]</big>
}}
ਸਲਤਨਤ ਉਸਮਾਨੀਆ ਇਕ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਸੀ ਜੀੜੀ 1299 ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ 1923 ਤੱਕ ਰਈ। ਏ 1923 ਨੂੰ [[ਤੁਰਕੀ]] ਵਿਚ ਬਦਲ ਗਈ। 16ਵੀਂ ਤੇ ਸਤਾਰਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਚ ਏ ਸਲਤਨਤ 3 ਬਰ-ਏ-ਆਜ਼ਮਾਂ [[ਏਸ਼ੀਆ]], [[ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ]] ਤੇ [[ਯੂਰਪ]] ਵਿਚ ਫੈਲੀ ਹੋਈ ਸੀ। ਸ਼ੁਮਾਲੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ ਮਗ਼ਰਿਬੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਤੇ ਜਨੂਬੀ ਯੂਰਪ ਦੇ ਕਈ [[ਦੇਸ]] ਏਦੇ ਵਿਚ ਹੈਗੇ ਸਨ। ਸਲਤਨਤ ਅਸਮਾਨਯਯਹ ਚ 29 ਸੂਬੇ ਤੇ ਕਈ ਨਾਲ਼ ਮਿਲੇ ਦੇਸ ਸਨ। ਦੂਰ ਦੇ ਥਾਵਾਂ ਜਿੰਨਾਂ ਚ ਆਚੇ ਲੰਡੀ ਮੀਡੀਰਾ ਲੌਰਾਜ਼ ਉੱਨਤੀ ਹੈਗੇ ਨੇਂ ਉਹ ਵੀ ਏਦੇ ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਸਨ।