ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ
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Babanwalia (ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ | ਯੋਗਦਾਨ) No edit summary |
Babanwalia (ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ | ਯੋਗਦਾਨ) No edit summary |
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ਲਾਈਨ 8:
# ਹਰੇਕ ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ ਇੱਕ ਟਿਕਾਊ ਅਤੇ ਸਥਿਰ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਰੱਖਣ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਯਮਤ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ
# ਜੀਵਤ ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਨੂੰ ਖਪਤ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਪਾਂਤਰ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ
==ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ==
ਇਹ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਹਨ:<ref>[http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology Branches of Biology on biology-online.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28786.asp Biology on bellaonline.com]</ref>
* ਵਾਯੂ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of airborne organic particles
* ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
* ਅੰਗ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
* ਮੱਕੜ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of arachnids
* ਖਗੋਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as [[ਪੁਲਾੜ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]], ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਥਰਾਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, and ਜੀਵ ਖਗੋਲ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ
* ਜੀਵ-ਰਸਾਇਣਕੀ – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
* ਜੀਵ-ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰੀ – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
* ਜੀਵ-ਭੂਗੋਲ – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
* ਜੀਵ ਸੂਚਨਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
* ਜੀਵ ਗਣਿਤ (ਜਾਂ ਗਣਿਤਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
* ਜੀਵ ਯੰਤਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through [[prosthetics]] or [[orthotics]]
* ਜੀਵ-ਚਿਕਿਤਸਕ ਘੋਖ – the study of the human body in health and disease
* ਜੀਵ-ਭੌਤਕੀ – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
* ਜੀਵ-ਉਦਯੋਗ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and ਸੰਜੋਗਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ
* ਇਮਾਰਤੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the indoor living environment
* ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of plants
* ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
* ਸੰਰੱਖਿਅਣ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
* ਪ੍ਰਤਿਕੂਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
* ਵਿਕਾਸਮਾਨ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
* ਦਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
* ਭਰੂਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
* ਕੀਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of insects
* ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
* ਮਹਾਂਮਾਰੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
* [[Epigenetics]] – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
* ਸਲੂਕ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – the study of animal behavior
* ਵਿਕਾਸਗਤ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
* ਉਤਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of genes and heredity
* ਭੁਜੰਗਮ ਅਤੇ ਜਲਥਲੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of reptiles and amphibians
* ਤੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
* ਮੱਛ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of fish
* ਇਕੱਤਰਤ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of whole organisms
* [[Limnology]] – the study of inland waters
* ਥਣਧਾਰੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of mammals
* ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਜਾਂ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਸਾਗਰ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
* ਸੂਖਮ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
* ਅਣਵਿਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
* ਫਫੂੰਦੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of fungi
* [[Neurobiology]] – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
* ਕੈਂਸਰ (ਰਾਜਫੋੜਾ) ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of [[cancer]] processes, including virus or [[mutation]] [[oncogenesis]], [[angiogenesis]] and tissues remoldings
* ਪੰਛੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of birds
* ਅਬਾਦੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
** ਅਬਾਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of how population dynamics and extinction
** ਅਬਾਦੀ ਉਤਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
* ਪਥਰਾਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
* ਰੋਗ ਨਿਵਾਰਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
* ਪਰਜੀਵੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of parasites and parasitism
* ਔਸ਼ਧੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
* ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
* ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਰੋਗ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
* ਮਨੋ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the biological bases of [[psychology]]
* ਸਮਾਜਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of the biological bases of [[sociology]]
* ਬਣਤਰੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – a branch of [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], and [[biophysics]] concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
* ਸੰਜੋਜਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ- research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
* ਵਿਸ਼-ਅਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
* ਜੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include: [[Entomology]], [[Ethology]], [[Herpetology]], [[Ichthyology]], [[Mammalogy]], and [[Ornithology]])
==ਹਵਾਲੇ==
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