ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

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ਲਾਈਨ 11:
==ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ==
ਇਹ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਹਨ:<ref>[http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology Branches of Biology on biology-online.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28786.asp Biology on bellaonline.com]</ref>
* '''ਵਾਯੂ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of airborne organic particles
* '''ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
* '''ਅੰਗ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
* '''ਮੱਕੜ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of arachnids
* '''ਖਗੋਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as [[ਪੁਲਾੜ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]], ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਥਰਾਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, and ਜੀਵ ਖਗੋਲ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਰਸਾਇਣਕੀ''' – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰੀ''' – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਭੂਗੋਲ''' – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
* '''ਜੀਵ ਸੂਚਨਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
* '''ਜੀਵ ਗਣਿਤ''' (ਜਾਂ '''ਗਣਿਤਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''') – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
* '''ਜੀਵ ਯੰਤਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through [[prosthetics]] or [[orthotics]]
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਚਿਕਿਤਸਕ ਘੋਖ''' – the study of the human body in health and disease
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਭੌਤਕੀਭੌਤਿਕੀ''' – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
* '''ਜੀਵ-ਉਦਯੋਗ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and ਸੰਜੋਗਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ
* '''ਇਮਾਰਤੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the indoor living environment
* '''ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of plants
* '''ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
* '''ਸੰਰੱਖਿਅਣ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
* '''ਪ੍ਰਤਿਕੂਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
* '''ਵਿਕਾਸਮਾਨ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
* '''ਦਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
* '''ਭਰੂਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
* '''ਕੀਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of insects
* '''ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
* '''ਮਹਾਂਮਾਰੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
* [['''Epigenetics]]''' – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
* '''ਸਲੂਕ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ''' – the study of animal behavior
* '''ਵਿਕਾਸਗਤ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
* '''ਉਤਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of genes and heredity
* '''ਭੁਜੰਗਮ ਅਤੇ ਜਲਥਲੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of reptiles and amphibians
* '''ਤੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
* '''ਮੱਛ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of fish
* '''ਇਕੱਤਰਤ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of whole organisms
* [['''Limnology]]''' – the study of inland waters
* '''ਥਣਧਾਰੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of mammals
* '''ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' (ਜਾਂ '''ਜੈਵਿਕ ਸਾਗਰ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''') – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
* '''ਸੂਖਮ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
* '''ਅਣਵਿਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
* '''ਫਫੂੰਦੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of fungi
* [['''Neurobiology]]''' – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
* '''ਕੈਂਸਰ (ਰਾਜਫੋੜਾ) ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of [[cancer]] processes, including virus or [[mutation]] [[oncogenesis]], [[angiogenesis]] and tissues remoldings
* '''ਪੰਛੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of birds
* '''ਅਬਾਦੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
** '''ਅਬਾਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of how population dynamics and extinction
** '''ਅਬਾਦੀ ਉਤਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
* '''ਪਥਰਾਟ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
* '''ਰੋਗ ਨਿਵਾਰਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ''' – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
* '''ਪਰਜੀਵੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of parasites and parasitism
* '''ਔਸ਼ਧੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ''' – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
* '''ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
* '''ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਰੋਗ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ''' – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
* '''ਮਨੋ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the biological bases of [[psychology]]
* '''ਸਮਾਜਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of the biological bases of [[sociology]]
* '''ਬਣਤਰੀ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – a branch of [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], and [[biophysics]] concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
* '''ਸੰਜੋਜਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ'''- research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
* '''ਵਿਸ਼-ਅਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
* '''ਜੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ''' – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include: [[Entomology]], [[Ethology]], [[Herpetology]], [[Ichthyology]], [[Mammalogy]], and [[Ornithology]])
 
==ਹਵਾਲੇ==