ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ

ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਇਕਾਈ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ

ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਦੀ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਇੰਟਰਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਆਫ਼ ਯੂਨਿਟਸ, ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਸੰਖੇਪ SI [lower-alpha 1][1]: 125 [2]: iii [3] ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਵਾਰ ਐਸਆਈ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ,[lower-alpha 2] ਮੈਟ੍ਰਿਕ ਸਿਸਟਮ[6][7] ਦਾ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਰੂਪ[1]: 117  ਹੈ[lower-alpha 7] ਅਤੇ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਵਰਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਮਾਪ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਹੈ।[1]: 123 [9][10] ਵਜ਼ਨ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਪ 'ਤੇ ਜਨਰਲ ਕਾਨਫਰੰਸ (CGPM[lower-alpha 8]) ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਭਾਲਿਆ[11] ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ[lower-alpha 11] ,ਇਹ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੇ ਲਗਭਗ ਹਰ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਤ ਦਰਜੇ[lower-alpha 13] ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਮਾਪ ਦੀ ਇੱਕੋ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਹੈ, ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, ਟੈਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ, ਉਦਯੋਗ ਅਤੇ ਰੋਜ਼ਾਨਾ ਕਾਮਰਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਨੋਟ

ਸੋਧੋ
  1. ↑ 'SI' is an initialism of Système international, which is an abbreviated form of its full French name Système international d'unités,[1]: 165  which literally means 'International System of Units'. By Resolution 12 of the 11th CGPM (1960), the international abbreviation of the name of the system is: SI.[1]: 165 
  2. ↑ When we say 'SI system', we are basically saying the word 'system' twice: 'International System system' (note that 'SI' stands for the French name Système international, which literally means 'International System'). This is a type of linguistic redundancy called pleonasm. Some examples of such pleonastic usage include the list of 'alternate titles' in the Encyclopedia Britannica article on the SI,[3] the last paragraph in an editorial in the journal Nature,[4] and the footnote 1 to Table 5 in the style manual of the International Astronomical Union.[5]
  3. ↑ In a decimal system, different units for a given kind of physical quantity are related by factors of 10, so that, within such a system, unit conversions involve the simple process of moving the decimal point to the right or to the left.[8] So instead of relations like 1 mile = 1,760 yards, as in the imperial and US customary measurement systems (which are not decimal), in the SI (which is decimal) 1 kilometre = 1000 metres. Here the kilometre is comparable in size to the mile (1 km ≈ 0.6 mi) and the metre to the yard (1 ਮੀਟਰ ≈ 1.1 ਗਜ਼).
  4. ↑ Or one of its decimal multiples or submultiples, like the centimetre.
  5. ↑ Or one of its decimal multiples or submultiples, like the gram.
  6. ↑ Or one of its decimal multiples or submultiples, like the gram-force.
  7. ↑ A metric system of units is any system of weights and measures that is decimal[lower-alpha 3] and based on the metre[lower-alpha 4] as the unit of length and either the kilogram[lower-alpha 5] as the unit of mass or the kilogram-force[lower-alpha 6] as the unit of force.
  8. ↑ From French: Conférence générale des poids et mesures.
  9. ↑ 19 ਜਨਵਰੀ 2021 ਤੱਕ .
  10. ↑ The latter group includes economic unions such as the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
  11. ↑ This is an international organization with[lower-alpha 9] 63 member states and 39 Associate States and Economies of the General Conference.[lower-alpha 10][12] It was established in 1875 under the terms of the Metre Convention.[11][13]
  12. ↑ It shall be lawful throughout the United States of America to employ the weights and measures of the metric system; and no contract or dealing, or pleading in any court, shall be deemed invalid or liable to objection because the weights or measures expressed or referred to therein are weights or measures of the metric system. (15 U.S.C. § 204)
  13. ↑ Here 'official status' means that the SI is recognized in some way by the laws and regulations of the country. In many countries, this means that using the SI units is mandatory for most commercial and administrative purposes (e.g. in the European Union). On the other hand, when it comes to the US, 'official status' means that federal law specifically allows, but doesn't require, the SI units to be used.[lower-alpha 12] In fact, federal law even states that it is the declared policy of the United States to designate the metric system of measurement as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce (15 U.S.C. § 205b).
    See metrication for more information.

ਹਵਾਲੇ

ਸੋਧੋ
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 International Bureau of Weights and Measures (20 May 2019), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (9th ed.), ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0, archived from the original on 18 October 2021
  2. ↑ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NIST330
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "International System of Units (SI) | Units, Facts, & Definition". Encyclopedia Britannica (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  4. ↑ "SI units need reform to avoid confusion". Editorial. Nature. 548 (7666): 135. 10 August 2017. Bibcode:2017Natur.548R.135.. doi:10.1038/548135b. PMID 28796224.
  5. ↑ "SI Units". International Astronomical Union. 2021. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  6. ↑ Crowder, Stephen; Delker, Collin; Forrest, Eric; Martin, Nevin (30 November 2020). Introduction to Statistics in Metrology (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-53329-8.
  7. ↑ Magazine, Smithsonian; Eschner, Kat (27 July 2017). "America Has Been Struggling With the Metric System For More Than 200 Years". Smithsonian Magazine (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 26 ਅਗਸਤ 2021 suggested (help)
  8. ↑ The United States and The Metric System (A Capsule History) (PDF), Gaithersburg, MD, USA: NIST, 1997, p. 2, archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2020, retrieved 15 April 2020
  9. ↑ Curtin, Kevin M. (14 May 2014). "Distance" (in en). Encyclopedia of World Geography. 1. New York, NY: Facts on File, an imprint of Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-7229-3. 
  10. ↑ "The measure of all things". NPL Website (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). National Physical Laboratory, UK. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Interpretation of the International System of Units (the Metric System of Measurement) for the United States". Federal Register. 73. National Institute of Standards and Technology: 28432. 16 May 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  12. ↑ "Member States". BIPM. 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  13. ↑ The Metre Convention (PDF), International Bureau of Weights and Measures, 22 October 2021, archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2021
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