ਮਦਦ:ਜਰਮਨ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents German language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of German.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	Ball^[1]	ball
ç	ich, durch	hue
d	dann^[1]	done
f	Fass, Vogel	fuss
ɡ	Gast^[1]	guest
h	hat	hut
j	ja	yard
k	kalt	cold
l	Last	last
m	Mast	must
n	Naht	not
ŋ	lang	long
p	Pakt	puck
pf	Pfahl	cupfull
ʁ	Rast^[2]	roughly like loch (Scottish English)
ʀ		No English equivalent
r		roughly like water (American English)
s	Hast	fast
ʃ	schal, Stein	shall
t	Tal	tall
ts	Zahl	cats
tʃ	Matsch	match
v	was	vanish
x	Bach^[3]	loch (Scottish English)
z	Hase^[1]	hose
ʔ	beamtet^[4] ([bəˈʔamtət])	the glottal stop in uh-oh!
Non-native consonants
dʒ	Dschungel^[1]	jungle
ʒ	Genie^[1]	pleasure
Stress
ˈ	Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/
ˌ	Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])	as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs
a	Dach	bra (but shorter)
aː	Bahn	bra
eː	Beet	face
ɛ	Bett, hätte	bed
ɛː	wähle^[5]	says
iː	viel	feel
ɪ	bist	sit
oː	Boot	roughly like law (British English)
ɔ	Post	hospitality
øː	Öl	roughly like hurt
œ	göttlich	roughly like hurt
uː	Hut	true
ʊ	Putz	took
yː	Rübe	roughly like few
ʏ	füllt	much like the above but shorter
Diphthongs
aɪ	weit	tie
aʊ	Haut	how
ɔʏ	Heu, Räuber	roughly like boy
Reduced vowels
ɐ	Ober^[2]	fun
ə	halte	comma (when pronounced without stress)
Semivowels
ɐ̯	Uhr^[2]	comma
i̯	Studie	studio
u̯	aktuell	actual
Non-native vowels^[6]
e	Methan	(short [eː])
i	vital	city (short [iː])
o	Moral	(short [oː])
ø	Ökonom	(short [øː])
u	kulant	(short [uː])
y	Psychologie	(short [yː])

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 The German lenis consonants [b d ɡ z ʒ dʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ z̥ ʒ̊ d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries allowed only [r], this pronunciation is nowadays found mainly in Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria, while in other regions the uvular pronunciation prevails, with the allophones [ʁ] and [ʀ]. In many regions except for Switzerland, the /r/ in the syllable coda is vocalized to [ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and /ər/ is pronounced as [ɐ]
↑ /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after /a/, /aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
↑ In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ].
↑ [ɛː] is often replaced by [eː].
↑ [e i o ø u y], the short versions of the long vowels [eː iː oː øː uː yː], are used in unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur only in loanwords. In native words, the accent is generally on the first syllable, and there are no syllables before the accent besides prepositional prefixes.