ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਮਤਾਧਿਕਾਰ
ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਵੋਟ ਦਾ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ
ਮਹਿਲਾ ਮਤਾਧਿਕਾਰ (ਬੋਲਚਾਲ: ਔਰਤ ਮਤਾਧਿਕਾਰ, ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਮਤਾਧਿਕਾਰ, ਜਾਂ ਮਹਿਲਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਵੋਟ ਪਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਹੱਕ) ਚੋਣਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੋਟ ਪਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਹੱਕ ਹੈ; ਇੱਕ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜੋ ਮਤਦਾਤਾ ਦੇ ਵਿਸਥਾਰ ਦੀ ਵਕਾਲਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਲਈ, ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਮਾਹਰ ਸਹਾਇਤਾਕਾਰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।[1] ਲਿਮਿਟੇਡ ਵੋਟਿੰਗ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਫਿਨਲੈਂਡ, ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡ, ਸਵੀਡਨ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਅਨ ਬਸਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ 19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਅਖੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਏ ਗਏ ਸਨ।[2] ਵੋਟਿੰਗ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਹਾਸਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਯਤਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਤਾਲਮੇਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਬਣਾਏ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ, ਖਾਸ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਹੱਕਾਨੀ ਗੱਠਜੋੜ (1904, ਬਰਲਿਨ, ਜਰਮਨੀ) ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ, ਅਤੇ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਲਈ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਲਈ ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ।[3]
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ
ਸੋਧੋਸੂਚਨਾ
ਸੋਧੋ- ↑ Anon. "Suffragist". oxforddictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 18 ਜਨਵਰੀ 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ Ellen Carol DuBois (1998). Woman Suffrage and Women's Rights. NYU Press. pp. 174–6. ISBN 9780814719015.
- ↑ Allison Sneider, "The New Suffrage History: Voting Rights in International Perspective", History Compass, (July 2010) 8#7 pp 692–703,
ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ
ਸੋਧੋ- Bock, Gisela. Das politische Denken des Suffragismus: Deutschland um 1900 im internationalen Vergleich, in: Gisela Bock: Geschlechtergeschichten der Neuzeit, Goettingen 2014, 168–203.
- Bush, Julia. Women against the vote: female anti-suffragism in Britain (Oxford UP, 2007).
- Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (1999), worldwide coverage; 800pp; online Archived 2018-11-20 at the Wayback Machine.
- Hannam, June, Mitzi Auchterlonie, and Katherine Holden. International encyclopedia of women's suffrage (Abc-Clio Inc, 2000).
- Hannam, June. "International Dimensions of Women's Suffrage: ‘at the crossroads of several interlocking identities’" Women's History Review 14.3–4 (2005): 543–560.
- Lloyd, Trevor, Suffragettes International: The Worldwide Campaign for Women's Rights (New York: American Heritage Press, 1971).
- Markoff, John. "Margins, Centers, and Democracy: The Paradigmatic History of Women's Suffrage," Signs (2003) 29#1 pp. 85–116 in JSTOR
- Owens, Rosemary Cullen. Smashing times: A history of the Irish women's suffrage movement, 1889–1922 (Irish Books & Media, 1984).
- Raeburn, Antonia. Militant Suffragettes (London: New English Library, 1973) on Great Britain
- Ramirez, Francisco O., Yasemin Soysal, and Suzanne Shanahan. "The Changing Logic of Political Citizenship: Cross-National Acquisition of Women's Suffrage Rights, 1890 to 1990", American Sociological Review (1997) 62#5 pp 735–45. in JSTOR
- Baker, Jean H. Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists. Hill and Wang, New York, 2005. ISBN 0-8090-9528-90-8090-9528-9.
- Dubois, Carol and Lynn Dumenil, eds. (1999). "Through Women's Eyes", An American History with Documents, 456 (475).
- DuBois, Ellen Carol. Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997) ISBN 0-300-06562-00-300-06562-0
- Flexner, Eleanor, Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States, enlarged edition with Foreword by Ellen Fitzpatrick (1959, 1975; Cambridge and London: The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1996) ISBN 0-674-10653-90-674-10653-9
- Kraditor, Aileen S. Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920. (1965).
- Mackenzie, Midge, Shoulder to Shoulder: A Documentary (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975). ISBN 0-394-73070-40-394-73070-4
ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ
ਸੋਧੋ- Photo Essay on Women's Suffrage by the International Museum of Women
- Women's Suffrage, "A World Chronology of the Recognition of Women's Rights to Vote and to Stand for Election".
- Suffrage in Canada
- CIA Yearbook: Suffrage Archived 2008-01-09 at the Wayback Machine.
- Press release with respect to Qatar and Yemen
- UNCG Special Collections and University Archives selections of American Suffragette manuscripts
- Photographs of U.S. suffragettes, marches, and demonstrations Archived 2019-05-19 at the Wayback Machine.
- Ada James papers and correspondence (1915–1918)—a digital collection presented by the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center. Ada James (1876–1952) was a leading a social reformer, humanitarian, and pacifist from Richland Center, Wisconsin and daughter of state senator David G. James. The Ada James papers document the grass roots organizing and politics required to promote and guarantee the passage of women's suffrage in Wisconsin and beyond.
- Women´s suffrage in Germany Archived 2019-09-18 at the Wayback Machine.—19 January 1919—first suffrage (active and passive) for women in Germany
- Suffragists vs. Suffragettes—brief article outlining origins of term "suffragette", usage of term and links to other sources.
- Women in Congress—Information about women who have served in the U.S. Congress including historical essays that cover suffrage.
- Culture Victoria—historical images and videos for the Centenary of Women's Suffrage
- Woman suffragist, Mary Ellen Ewing vs the Houston School Board—Collection at the University of Houston Digital Library. Archived 2013-05-18 at the Wayback Machine.
- Gayle Olson-Raymer, "The Early Women's Movement", 17-page teaching guide for high school students, Zinn Education Project/Rethinking Schools
- Women's Suffrage and Equal Rights in the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
- Select "Suffrage" subject, at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection, Cornell University Library
- Timeline and Map of Woman Suffrage Legislation State by State 1838–1919
- Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party
- Detailed Chronology of National Woman's *Digitized items from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/national-american-woman-suffrage-association/about-this-collection/ National American Women's Suffrage Collection in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division of the Library of Congress