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ਇਸਲਾਮੀ ਸੁਨਹਿਰੀ ਜੁੱਗ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

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ਲਾਈਨ 7:
{{legend|#ef9070|Expansion during the [[Rashidun Caliphate]], 632–661}}
{{legend|#fad07d|Expansion during the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], 661–750}}]]
 
== ਸੂਚਨਾ ==
{{Reflist|2
|group="n"|refs={{refn| * "...regarded by some Westerners as the true father of historiography and sociology".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gates|first=Warren E.|title=The Spread of Ibn Khaldûn's Ideas on Climate and Culture|journal=Journal of the History of Ideas|year=1967|volume=28|issue=3|pages=415–422|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|doi=10.2307/2708627|ref=harv}}</ref> * "Ibn Khaldun has been claimed the forerunner of a great number of European thinkers, mostly sociologists, historians, and philosophers".{{harv|Boulakia|1971}} * "The founding father of Eastern Sociology".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dhaouadi|first=M.|title=IBN KHALDUN: THE FOUNDING FATHER OF EASTERN SOCIOLOGY|journal=International Sociology|date=1 September 1990|volume=5|issue=3|pages=319–335|doi=10.1177/026858090005003007|ref=harv}}</ref> * "This grand scheme to find a new science of society makes him the forerunner of many of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries system-builders such as Vico, Comte and Marx." "As one of the early founders of the social sciences...".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Haddad|first=L.|title=A FOURTEENTH-CENTURY THEORY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT|journal=Kyklos|date=1 May 1977|volume=30|issue=2|pages=195–213|doi=10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02006.x|ref=harv}}</ref> |group ="n" |name="HistoryAndSociology"}} {{refn| * "He is considered by some as a father of modern economics, or at least a major forerunner. The Western world recognizes Khaldun as the father of sociology but hesitates in recognizing him as a great economist who laid its very foundations. He was the first to systematically analyze the functioning of an economy, the importance of technology, specialization and foreign trade in economic surplus and the role of government and its stabilization policies to increase output and employment. Moreover, he dealt with the problem of optimum taxation, minimum government services, incentives, institutional framework, law and order, expectations, production, and the theory of value".[http://www.ovidius-stec.ro/html/anale/ENG/cuprins%20rezumate/2009%20vol2.pdf Cosma, Sorinel (2009). "Ibn Khaldun's Economic Thinking". Ovidius University Annals of Economics (Ovidius University Press) XIV:52–57] |group ="n" |name="Economics"}}}}
 
== ਹਵਾਲੇ ==
{{reflist|30emਹਵਾਲੇ}}
"https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ਇਸਲਾਮੀ_ਸੁਨਹਿਰੀ_ਜੁੱਗ" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ