ਕਰਿਸ਼ਮਾ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

 

 

[[ਸਮਾਜ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ]], ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ, [[ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨ]], ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਇਸ ਪਦ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੀ [[ਨੇਤਾਗਿਰੀ|ਅਗਵਾਈ]] ਲਈ ਰਾਖਵਾਂ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਅਸਧਾਰਨ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ; <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Joosse|first=Paul|year=2014|title=Becoming a God: Max Weber and the social construction of charisma|journal=Journal of Classical Sociology|volume=14|issue=3|pages=266–283|doi=10.1177/1468795X14536652}}</ref> <ref>Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhrPS_s7EawC|title=Leadership|last=Burns|first=James MacGregor|publisher=Open Road Media|year=1978|isbn=9781453245170|publication-date=2012|author-link=James MacGregor Burns|access-date=2017-07-31}}</ref> <ref>Downton, J. V. (1973). Rebel leadership: Commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process. New York: The Free Press.</ref> <ref>Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.</ref> <ref>House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), The Cutting Edge (pp. 189–207). Carbondale: Southern Illinois: University Press.</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Antonakis|first=John|last2=Fenley|first2=Marika|last3=Liechti|first3=Sue|year=2011|title=Can Charisma be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions|url=https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_FDC9DF7BA052.P001/REF.pdf|journal=Academy of Management Learning & Education|volume=10|issue=3|pages=374–396|doi=10.5465/amle.2010.0012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Antonakis|first=John|last2=Fenley|first2=Marika|last3=Liechti|first3=Sue|year=2011|title=Can Charisma be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions|url=https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_FDC9DF7BA052.P001/REF.pdf|journal=Academy of Management Learning & Education|volume=10|issue=3|pages=374–396|doi=10.5465/amle.2010.0012}}</ref> ਇਹਨਾਂ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਸ਼ਬਦ "ਕਰਿਸ਼ਮਾ" ਇੱਕ ਖਾਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੇ [[ਨੇਤਾਗਿਰੀ|ਨੇਤਾ ਦਾ]] ਵਰਣਨ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ "ਮੁੱਲ-ਅਧਾਰਤ, ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕਮਈ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਭਰੇ ਲੀਡਰ ਦਾ ਸੰਕੇਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।"<ref name="dx.doi.org">{{Cite journal|last=Antonakis|first=John|last2=Bastardoz|first2=Nicolas|last3=Jacquart|first3=Philippe|last4=Shamir|first4=Boas|year=2016|title=Charisma: An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift|url=https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_43EBA02BAD5E|journal=Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior|volume=3|pages=293–319|doi=10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305}}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal|last=Grabo|first=Allen|last2=Spisak|first2=Brian R.|last3=Van Vugt|first3=Mark|year=2017|title=Charisma as signal: An evolutionary perspective on charismatic leadership|journal=The Leadership Quarterly|volume=28|issue=4|pages=473–485|doi=10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.05.001}}</ref>