ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ

ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਆਬੋ-ਹਵਾ ਦੀ ਬਦਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ ਮੌਸਮੀ ਨਮੂਨਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਅੰਕੜਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਈ ਉਸ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਦੋਂ ਇਹ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਲੰਮੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਹੇ (ਭਾਵ ਦਹਾਕਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਲੱਖਾਂ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਤੱਕ)। ਇਹਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਔਸਤ ਮੌਸਮੀ ਹਲਾਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏ ਫੇਰ-ਬਦਲ ਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਾਂ ਫੇਰ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੇ ਔਸਤ ਹਲਾਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ ਫ਼ਰਕ (ਭਾਵ ਘੱਟ ਜਾਂ ਵੱਧ ਸਿਰੇ ਦੇ ਮੌਸਮੀ ਵਾਕਿਆ)। ਇਹ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਕਈ ਕਾਰਨਾਂ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਆ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਜੀਵ-ਅਮਲ, ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਪੁੱਜਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਸੂਰਜ ਦੀ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਫੇਰ-ਬਦਲ, ਪੱਤਰੀ ਨਿਰਮਾਣਕੀ ਅਤੇ ਜਵਾਲਾਮੁਖੀ ਦੇ ਸਫੋਟ। ਕਈ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਹਾਲੀਆ ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਕਾਰਨ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਜਿਹਨੂੰ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਸੰਸਾਰਕ ਤਾਪ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।^[1]

ਇਸ ਵੀਡੀਓ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਖਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਨੇ ਕਾਰਬਨ ਡਾਈਆਕਸਾਈਡ ਦੇ ਵਧੇ ਹੋਏ ਪੱਧਰ ਨਾਲ਼ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਬੂਟਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਅਸਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ।

ਅਗਾਂਹ ਪੜ੍ਹਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ

।PCC AR4 WG1 (2007). "Summary for Policymakers". In Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Tignor, M.; and Miller, H.L. (ed.). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group। to the Fourth Assessment Report of the।ntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (pb: 978-0-521-70596-7).
।PCC AR4 SYR (2007). "Summary for Policymakers". Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups।,।I and।II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the।ntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ।PCC. ISBN 92-9169-122-4. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link).
Emanuel K (August 2005). "Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years" (PDF). Nature. 436 (7051): 686–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..686E. doi:10.1038/nature03906. PMID 16056221. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Edwards, Paul Geoffrey; Miller, Clark A. (2001). Changing the atmosphere: expert knowledge and environmental governance. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-63219-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
McKibben, Bill (2011). The Global Warming Reader. New York, N.Y.: OR Books. ISBN 978-1-935928-36-2.
Ruddiman, W. F. (2003). "The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago". Climate Change. 61 (3): 261–293. doi:10.1023/B:CLIM.0000004577.17928.fa. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
William F. Ruddiman (2005). Plows, plagues, and petroleum: how humans took control of climate. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13398-0.
Ruddiman, W. F., Vavrus, S. J. and Kutzbach, J. E. (2005). "A test of the overdue-glaciation hypothesis". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (11): 1. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24....1R. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.010. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Schelling, Thomas C. (2002). "Greenhouse Effect". In David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (1st ed.). Library of Economics and Liberty. http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/GreenhouseEffect.html. OCLC 317650570, 50016270 and 163149563
Schmidt, G. A., Shindel, D. T. and Harder, S. (2004). "A note of the relationship between ice core methane concentrations and insolation". Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (23): L23206. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3123206S. doi:10.1029/2004GL021083. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wagner, Frederic H., (ed.) Climate Change in Western North America: Evidence and Environmental Effects (2009).।SBN 978-0-87480-906-0

ਬਾਹਰਲੇ ਜੋੜ

Climate Summit 2011 – London from the B4E Business for the Environment
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਕਰਲੀ ਉੱਤੇ
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਦੇ ਵਸੀਲੇ ਸੋਰਸਵਾਚ ਤੋਂ
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ from the UCB Libraries GovPubs
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ Archived 2010-11-27 at the Wayback Machine. ਮੌਸਮ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ (ਯੂਕੇ)
ਸਰਬ-ਵਿਆਪੀ ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਨਾਸਾ ਵੱਲੋਂ
Climate Change: Evidence & Causes Archived 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine., from the Royal Society and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Ocean Motion: Satellites Record Weakening North Atlantic Current
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਅੰਤਰ-ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਪੈਨਲ (IPCC)
United Nations University's 'Our World 2' Climate Change Video Briefs
United Nations University's 'Our World 2'।ndigenous voices on climate change films

Climate Change on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ Performance ਸੂਚਕ 2010 Archived 2017-05-06 at the Wayback Machine.
Climate Library Archived 2014-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. at Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University
ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ: ਮੂੰਗੇ-ਪੱਥਰ ਕਗਾਰ ਉੱਤੇ Archived 2010-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. An online video presentation by Prof. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, University of Auckland
Climate & Development Knowledge Network, run by an alliance of organisations that include PwC and ODI
ਸਾਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ — ਅਸਲੀਅਤ, ਖ਼ਦਸ਼ੇ ਅਤੇ ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਲਈ ਜੁਆਬ Archived 2014-06-05 at the Wayback Machine. 2014 ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਰਿਪੋਰਟ, Am. Assn. for the Advancement of Science
Gateway to the United Nations Systems Work on Climate Change - The Science
Gateway to the United Nations Systems Work on Climate Change - Mitigation

↑ America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14588-0. (p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. * * * (pp. 21–22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1] America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14588-0. (p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. * * * (pp. 21–22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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