ਮਦਦ:ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Chinese (also called Mandarin) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The representations of these sounds in the standard romanization (pinyin) are also shown.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of the language. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent loose approximations to the original pronunciations.

Consonants
IPA	Pinyin	English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɕ]]	x	she
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|f]]	f	fan
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|j]]	y-, -i-	you
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|k]]	g	skim
k[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	k	cup
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|l]]	l	leaf
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|m]]	m	moon
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|n]]	n-, -n	noon
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ŋ]]	-ng	song
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|p]]	b	span
p[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	p	pan
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɻ]]	-r	area (ends syllable)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|s]]	s	see
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʂ]]	sh	show; Russian Ш Polish SZ
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|t]]	d	stand
t[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	t	tan
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|tɕ]]	j	itchy
tɕ[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	q	cheer
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ts]]	z	pizza
ts[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	c	tsunami (with t pronounced)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|tʂ]]	zh	pitcher
tʂ[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʰ]]	ch	church
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|w]]	w-, -u-	water
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|x]]	h	loch (Scottish English)
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɥ]]	yu-, -ü-^{[lower-alpha 1]}	(simultaneous y and w); French nuit
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʐ]]	r-	pleasure; Russian Ж Polish Ż, RZ

Vowels
IPA	Pinyin	English approximation
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|a]]	a (a, an)	roughly like cat
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɑ]]	a (ang), e (er)	car
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɛ]]	e (ye), a (yan, yuan, ian)	yes
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|œ]]	e (yue)	roughly like bird; German ö
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ə]]	e (en^{[lower-alpha 2]})	about
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɤ]]	e (eng)	roughly like Am.eng. sir
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|i]]	yi/-i (yi, yin, ying)	see
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɨ]]	i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri)	glasses^{[lower-alpha 3]}
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ɔ]]	o (wo, bo, po, mo, fo)	war
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|u]]	wu/-u	shoe
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|ʊ]]	o (ong)	hook
[[ਫਰਮਾ:IPAsym\|y]]	yu/-ü^{[lower-alpha 1]} (yu, yun)	somewhat like few; French tu
Diphthongs
aɪ	ai	bye
ɑʊ	ao	now
eɪ	ei^{[lower-alpha 2]}	day
oʊ	ou^{[lower-alpha 2]}	no
Nasal vowels^{[lower-alpha 4]}
ɑ̃	ang (angr)	roughly like croissant
ə̃	eng (engr)	roughly like uh-huh
ʊ̃	ong (ongr)	roughly like own

IPA	Pinyin	Description
Tones
ǎ ɤ̌	á, é	mid rising: ˧˥
â ɤ̂	à, è	high falling: ˥˩
á ɤ́	ā, ē	high: ˥
à, ɤ̀	ǎ, ě	medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧
a, ɤ	a, e	"toneless": low after the high falling tone ˥˩ and the high tone ˥ ; mid after all other tones

Notes ਸੋਧੋ

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.
↑ Slightly "buzzing" vowels, and the frication of the preceding consonant may continue through the vowel. In si, zi, ci, the vowel may be a further back [ɯ].
↑ Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

External links ਸੋਧੋ

Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to IPA Phonetic Transcription

ਫਰਮਾ:IPA keys horizontal

[v-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.

[short_form-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.

[3] Slightly "buzzing" vowels, and the frication of the preceding consonant may continue through the vowel. In si, zi, ci, the vowel may be a further back [ɯ].

[4] Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]