ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Hatnote
 | This page documents an English Wikipedia editing guideline. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page. |
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Hatnotes are short notes placed at the top of an article or section of an article (hence the name "hat"). Hatnotes help readers locate a different article they might be seeking. Readers may have arrived at the article containing the hatnote because they were redirected, because the sought article uses a more specific, disambiguated title, or because the sought article and the article with the hatnote have similar names. Hatnotes provide links to the possibly sought article or to a disambiguation page.
The five basic rules of hatnotes are:
- Link directly to other articles and disambiguation pages; do not pipe non-disambiguation links. Linking to redirects is typically not preferred, though of course exceptions can occur.
- Keep explanations to a minimum; only explain vital information, trusting instead in the article lead to clarify things for the reader.
- Only mention other topics and articles if there is a large possibility of a reader arriving at the article either by mistake or with another topic in mind.
- However, if a notable topic X is commonly referred to as "Foo", but "Foo" is not about X, there must be a hatnote containing a link either to the article on X or a disambiguation page from where the actual article on X is reachable.
- If at all possible, limit hatnotes to just one at the top of the page. This also applies to the usage of hatnotes in subsections of articles. Such usage is not discouraged, and subsections should also have a maximum of one hatnote as well.
For more information about methods of disambiguating articles, see Wikipedia:Disambiguation.
Placement ਸੋਧੋ
Hatnotes are placed at the very top of the article, before any other items such as images, navigational templates and maintenance templates (like the "cleanup", "unreferenced", and "POV" templates). Text-only browsers and screen readers present the page sequentially. If a reader has reached the wrong page, they typically want to know that first.
Format ਸੋਧੋ
In most cases, hatnotes should be created using a standard hatnote template as illustrated below. This permits the form and structure of hatnotes to be changed uniformly across the encyclopedia as needed and the templates to be excluded in print.
Current style on the English Wikipedia is to italicize and to indent each note, without a bullet before the item. A horizontal dividing line should not be placed either under a note or after the final item in a list.
When determining the content of the hatnote, keep in mind that it forms part of the user interface rather than the article content. Two applicable user interface design principles are clarity and conciseness. The hatnote should not overload the user with extraneous information, and the content should be imparted quickly and accurately. These design goals are conveyed succinctly in the artistic principle less is more.
Length and number ਸੋਧੋ
As hatnotes separate the reader from the content they are looking for, hatnotes should generally be as concise as possible. Long explanations are generally discouraged; the article's lead text, not the hatnote, should explain what the article is about. In almost all cases, the hatnote is intended only to direct readers to other articles in case they were actually looking for something they will not find in the article containing the hatnote.
To shorten hatnotes, generally they should only list disambiguation pages (X (disambiguation)) if the article is at X or if X redirects to that article. If X is a disambiguation page and the article is at X (letter), then X (letter) generally needs no hatnote. Direct links to other articles should be limited to circumstances immediately following a page move or redirect change or if the other article could be reasonably expected by a significant number of readers to be at the title in question: for instance, Turkey is about the country, but many readers reasonably expect to find the article on the bird at that title; therefore, the hatnote there correctly reads
{{two other uses|the country|the bird|Turkey (bird)}}
which renders
One single hatnote is greatly preferred to two (or worse, more). There are many different templates that can easily accommodate several links; use one of them rather than two hatnote templates. If there is no template with the exact number of links you need, use the {{hatnote}} template to write the whole text of the hatnote by hand.
Summarize or not? ਸੋਧੋ
Some hatnote disambiguation templates include a brief summary of the present article's topic; others do not have a summary. For instance, in the article Honey, one might use the template {{about|the insect-produced fluid}} to produce:
Alternatively, one might use {{other uses}} to produce:
Either of these two styles is acceptable. The choice of style in a given article is based on editors' preferences and on what is likely to be clearer and easier for the reader. (In this particular instance, most English speakers will know what honey is, and the second, more concise hatnote is preferable.) Where an article already has a hatnote in one of these styles, editors should not change it to the other style without good reason.
Examples of proper use ਸੋਧੋ
Two articles with similar titles ਸੋਧੋ
Dunwich (/ˈdʌnɪtʃ/) is a town in the county of Suffolk in England, the remnant of what was once a prosperous seaport and centre of the wool trade during the early middle ages, with a natural harbour formed by the mouths of the River Blyth...
When two articles share the same title, except that one is disambiguated and the other not, the undisambiguated article should include a hatnote with a link to the other article. It is not necessary to create a separate disambiguation page. {{about}} may be used for this. In this case the parameterization was {{about|the village in England|H. P. Lovecraft's fictional town|Dunwich (Lovecraft)}}.
Linking to a disambiguation page ਸੋਧੋ
- For other uses, see Monolith (disambiguation).
A monolith is a monument or natural feature such as a mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock. Erosion usually exposes these formations...
When a term has a primary meaning and two or more additional meanings, the hatnote on the primary topic page should link to a disambiguation page. {{other uses}} may be used for this.
In many cases the hatnote also includes a brief description of the subject of the present article, for readers' convenience:
In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth was an elaborate maze-like structure constructed for King Minos of Crete and designed by the legendary artificer Daedalus to hold the Minotaur...
The template {{about}} may be used for this. In this case the parameterization was {{about|the mazelike labyrinth from Greek mythology}}.
Ambiguous term that redirects to an unambiguously named article ਸੋਧੋ
{{redirect}}, or a related template, can be used when an ambiguous title is redirected to an unambiguous title or a primary topic article:
Johann Sebastian Bach
(Redirected from Bach)Johann Sebastian Bach (ਜਰਮਨ ਉਚਾਰਨ: [joˈhan/ˈjoːhan zeˈbastjan ˈbax]; March 21, 1685 O.S. – July 28, 1750 N.S.) was a prolific German composer...
Hatnote(s) above maintenance tags ਸੋਧੋ
Always place a hatnote above anything, including maintenance tags.
The Giver is a 1993 American Young-adult fiction-Dystopian novel by Lois Lowry. It is set in a society which at first appears as a utopian society but then later revealed to be a dystopian one as the story progresses. The novel follows a boy named Jonas...
Examples of improper use ਸੋਧੋ
Trivial information, dictionary definitions, and slang ਸੋਧੋ
When notes feature a trivial detail or use of a term, or links to overly specific and tendentious material, they are unwarranted.
A previous version of the article Investment showed:
Investment is a term with several closely related meanings in finance and economics. It refers to the accumulation of some kind of asset in hopes of getting a future return from it...
In this case, there is no direct disambiguation, and the note listed is bound to be uninteresting to most readers. The proper disambiguation simply links to a separate Invest (disambiguation) page.
Legitimate information about the topic ਸੋਧੋ
A previous version of the Aisha article showed:
Aisha or Ayesha (Arabic عائشه `ā'isha = "she who lives") was a wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad...
This is a typical and highly improper misuse of disambiguating hatnotes. Instead, the information belongs in the body of the article, or in the articles about the book, or in a separate article about names, or all three places. Hatnotes are meant to reduce confusion and direct readers to another article they might have been looking for, not for information about the subject of the article itself.
ਸੋਧੋ
Disambiguation hatnotes are intended to link to separate topics that could be referred to by the same title. They are not intended to link to topics that are simply related to each other, or to a specific aspect of a general topic:
Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth. Its existence is currently hypothetical: there is as yet no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by scientists...
Instead of using a disambiguation hatnote in such cases, it is better to summarize the topic Extraterrestrial life in popular culture under a subsection of Extraterrestrial life in conjunction with the {{main}} template, and perhaps link to it in the See also section, as well.
This guideline does not discourage the use of disambiguation hatnotes in a situation where separate topics are related, but could nonetheless be referred to by the same title and would thus qualify for disambiguation, such as a book and its film adaptation.
Disambiguating article names that are not ambiguous ਸੋਧੋ
In many cases it is preferable not to have a hatnote when the name of the article is not ambiguous.
Water (Wu Xing)
Water (ਚੀਨੀ: 水; ਪਿਨਯਿਨ: shuǐ), is the low point of the matter, or the matter's dying or hiding stage. Water is the fifth stage of Wu Xing...
Here, the hatnote can be removed. A reader who is following links within Wikipedia is unlikely to end up at Water (Wu Xing) if one were looking for other meanings of water, since water does not redirect there.
A hatnote may still be appropriate when even a more specific name is still ambiguous. For example, tree (set theory) might still be confused with tree (descriptive set theory).
The presence or absence of hatnotes in articles with disambiguated titles has been a contentious issue, and this guideline doesn't prescribe one way or the other. There are cases where some editors strongly believe that such hatnotes should be included, such as the various articles about treaties called Treaty of Paris.
A hatnote may be appropriate in an unambiguously named article when an ambiguous term redirects to it, as explained in the "Proper uses" section above.
Extraneous links ਸੋਧੋ
Each additional link in the hatnote besides the ambiguous or confusable topic(s) makes it more difficult to find the desired target. For example:
WTIX (980 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Sports radio format.
In this case, the link to New Orleans, Louisiana, in the hatnote leads to an article that is not ambiguous with the title. Linking only to the possible other destination (WIST (AM)) makes it easier to find the link.
External links ਸੋਧੋ
A previous version of the Hurricane Katrina article contained:
Error: no text specified (help). Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 29, 2005, was one of the most destructive and expensive tropical cyclones to hit the United States...
The use of external help links in Wikipedia, though noble, cannot reasonably be maintained. In special cases, a link to an "External links" section may be appropriate, but POV favoritism can be obstructive. In this case, the hatnote was removed entirely.
Non-existent articles ਸੋਧੋ
Hatnotes should not contain red links to non-existent articles since hatnotes are intended to help users navigate to another article they may have intended to find. The exception is if one intends to create the linked article immediately. In that case, consider creating the new article first, before saving the addition of the hatnote.
Hatnote templates ਸੋਧੋ
Hatnotes must be at the very top of the page or section.
Generic hatnote ਸੋਧੋ
{{Hatnote}} allows general text to be shown in hatnote format. It is appropriate when none of the other specific templates listed below includes the combination of parameters needed, or to combine several of them in a single hatnote.
{{Hatnote|CUSTOM TEXT}}→
{{Hatnote|For other senses of this term, see [[etc…]]}}→
More pages on the same topic ("Further information ...") ਸੋਧੋ
"Main article: …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Main}} is used to make summary style explicit, when used in a summary section for which there is also a separate article on the subject:
"For more details on …, see …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Details}} can supplement {{Main}} in summary sections, or can indicate more details in nonsummary sections:
{{Details|PAGE1}}→For more details on this topic, see PAGE1.{{Details|PAGE1|TOPIC}}→For more details on TOPIC, see PAGE1.
{{Details3}} allows changing the displayed name for links. Unlike {{Details}}, it requires bracketed link notation:
{{Details3|[[NTSC#Color_encoding|NTSC Color encoding]]}}→{{Details3|[[article1|Article 1]], [[article2|Article 2]], and [[article3|Article 3]]|TOPIC}}→
"See also …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{See also|TOPIC PAGE|OTHER TOPIC PAGE}}→
- Note: use only when OTHER TOPIC PAGE is related to current article and contains a self-explanatory parenthetical.
{{See also2|[[OTHER TOPIC]]|[[OTHER TOPIC2]]|[[OTHER TOPIC3]] and other text}}→
"Further information: …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Further|PAGE}}→{{Further|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→{{Further2|[[PAGE1]], [[PAGE2]], and [[PAGE#3|PAGE3]]}}→
Other uses of the same title ("For …, see …") ਸੋਧੋ
"This page is about … For other uses …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{About}} is the main template for noting other uses.
Note. When used in main namespace, the word "page" in the following hatnotes is replaced by "article".
{{About|USE1}}→{{About|USE1||PAGE2}}(When the disambiguation page has a different name – Note the empty second parameter) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}}(When there is only one other use) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}}(Two pages for USE2) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2#SUBSECTION{{!}}PAGE2TITLE}}(Using the {{!}} magic word to give the link a different title) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|USE4|PAGE4|USE5|PAGE5}}(When there are up to four other uses – You should generally create a disambiguation page at this point) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses}}(When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with default name – Note that the last page name is not specified) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses|PAGE4}}(When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with non-default name) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses|PAGE4|and}}→{{About||USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses}}(When you don't need to state the focus of this article/page – Note the empty first parameter) →{{About|||PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}→
- Note:
{{for||PAGE1|PAGE2}}produces the same result.
{{About|USE1|section=yes}}→
- Note: this hatnote says "section", instead of "article" or "page".
- Variations
{{About2|USE1|TEXT}}→
"This page is about … It is not to be confused with …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{About-distinguish}} is a template for noting other uses when there could be confusion with another topic.
{{About-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}}→{{About-distinguish2|USE1|TEXT}}→
"For …, see …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{For}} can be used instead of {{About}} so as not to display: This page is about USE1. but still specify a specific other use. This effect can also be achieved by using an empty first parameter in {{About}} as in:
- For example:
{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}is the same as{{About||OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}(note the empty first parameter).
However, it is somewhat clearer when using the {{For}} template, since the word "about" does not appear in the statement.
{{For|OTHER TOPIC}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→{{For||PAGE1|PAGE2}}→ Error: no context parameter provided. Use {{other uses}} for "other uses" hatnotes. (help).
- Variations
- As with {{Other uses}}, there is a whole family of "for" templates. {{For2}} allows custom text, such as quotation marks or a link from part of the "CUSTOM TEXT"
{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT}}→
- It also supports up to three topics:
{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2}}→{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2|OTHER TOPIC 3|CUSTOM TEXT 3}}→
"For other uses, see …" ਸੋਧੋ
When such a wordy hatnote as {{About}} is not needed, {{Other uses}} is often useful.
{{Other uses}}→{{Other uses|PAGE1}}→{{Other uses|PAGE1|PAGE2}}→
- Variations
- There are, historically, a whole family of "other uses" templates for specific cases. {{About}} is the standard hatnote for "other uses" and many of them can be specified using the {{About}} template. However, the individual templates may be easier to use in certain contexts.
- Here are the variations and (when appropriate) the equivalents using the {{About}}, {{Other uses}} or {{For}} templates.
{{Other uses2|PAGE1}}→
- Note: adds "(disambiguation)" to whatever is input as the PAGE1.
- Note:
{{Other uses|PAGE1 (disambiguation)}}produces the same result.
{{About3|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→
- Note: same as {{about}}, except it forces a second use to be noted if unspecified by parameters.
{{About3|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→{{About3||USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→{{About4|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}{{About4||USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→{{About4|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|USE4|PAGE4}}→
"For other uses of …, see …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Other uses of}}→{{Other uses of|TOPIC}}→{{Other uses of|TOPIC|PAGE1}}→
"… redirects here. For other uses, see …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Redirect|REDIRECT}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT||PAGE1}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}}→{{Redirect5|REDIRECT|DESCRIPTION}}→{{Redirect5|REDIRECT|DESCRIPTION|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect6|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect6|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1||PAGE2}}→
- Variations
- For two sources:
{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2||PAGE1}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→{{Redirect2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|USE4|PAGE4}}→{{Redirect4|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2}}→{{Redirect4|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE|TEXT}}→
- For three sources:
{{Redirect7|"REDIRECT1", "REDIRECT2", and "REDIRECT3"|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect10|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3}}→{{Redirect10|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3|USE|TEXT}}→
- For four sources:
{{Redirect11|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3|REDIRECT4}}→{{Redirect11|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3|REDIRECT4|USE|TEXT}}→
- For several sources:
{{Redirect-several|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3|REDIRECT4|REDIRECT5}}→
Examples ਸੋਧੋ
- To specify the text following "redirects here.":
{{Redirect3|REDIRECT|TEXT}}or{{Redirect text|REDIRECT|TEXT}}→"REDIRECT" redirects here. TEXT.{{Redirect-synonym|TERM|OTHER TOPIC}}→
- ... Not to be confused with ...
{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}}→{{Redirect-distinguish2|REDIRECT|TEXT}}→
Similar proper names ("For other people named ...") ਸੋਧੋ
Other people ਸੋਧੋ
{{Other people}}→{{Other people|NAME}}→{{Other people|NAME|PAGE}}→{{Other people|NAME|PAGE|named=titled}}→{{Other people2|PAGE}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people2{{Other people3}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people3
- Note: same as {{About}} except uses "other people" instead of "other uses" if only 1 parameter is used
{{Other people3|PERSON1}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people3{{Other people3|PERSON1|PERSON2}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people3{{Other people3|PERSON1|PERSON2|PAGE2}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people3{{Other people3|PERSON1||PAGE2}}→ ਫਰਮਾ:Other people3{{Other people5|NAME1|NAME2|NAME3|NAME4}}→
- Note: defaults to "named" as in {{Other people}}, exists for options like "nicknamed", "known as", etc.
Other places ਸੋਧੋ
{{Other places}}, analogous to {{Other uses}} →{{Other places|PAGE}}, analogous to {{Other uses2}} →{{Other places3|PAGE}}, analogous to {{Other uses}} →
Other ships ਸੋਧੋ
For articles on ships:
{{Other ships|SHIP1}}→
Distinguish ਸੋਧੋ
"Not to be confused with …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Distinguish|PAGE1}}→{{Distinguish|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}}→{{Distinguish2|TEXT}}→
"… redirects here. It is not to be confused with …" ਸੋਧੋ
{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}}→{{Redirect-distinguish2|REDIRECT|TEXT}}→- Also may be used as
{{Redirect-distinguish2|REDIRECT}}→
- Also may be used as
{{Redirect-distinguish6|REDIRECT|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}}→
{{Redirect-distinguish6|REDIRECT|PAGE2||PAGE3}}→
{{Redirect-distinguish6|REDIRECT|PAGE2|USE3}}→
{{Redirect-distinguish6|REDIRECT|PAGE2}}→
"For technical reasons, … redirects here. For … , see … ." ਸੋਧੋ
{{Technical reasons|REDIRECT}}→{{Technical reasons|REDIRECT|PAGE}}→{{Technical reasons|REDIRECT|DESCRIPTION|PAGE}}→{{Technical reasons|REDIRECT|DESCRIPTION1|PAGE1|DESCRIPTION2|PAGE2}}→{{Technical reasons|REDIRECT|DESCRIPTION1|PAGE1|DESCRIPTION2|PAGE2|DESCRIPTION3|PAGE3}}→
Family names ਸੋਧੋ
Miscellaneous (hurricanes, Pope Stephen, Wiki selfref) ਸੋਧੋ
These hatnotes are topic-specific. They are documented at their template page.
{{Key people}}{{Other hurricanes}}{{Pope Stephen ToP Dab}}{{Selfref}}
Categories ਸੋਧੋ
Category-specific templates:
{{Category see also|THIS|THAT|THE OTHER}}→
This is a template for linking categories horizontally. Horizontal linkage is often the right solution when vertical linkage (i.e., as sub-category and parent category) is not appropriate. In most cases, this template should be used on both categories to create reciprocal linkage between the two categories.
{{Cat main|MAIN ARTICLE}}→{{Category explanation|colourless green ideas}}→{{Category pair|TOPIC1|TOPIC2}}→{{Preceding category|OTHER TOPIC}}→{{Succeeding category|OTHER TOPIC}}→{{Contrast|OTHERCAT1|OTHERCAT2}}→{{Contrast|OTHERCAT1|OTHERCAT2|plural=yes}}→
Lists ਸੋਧੋ
User pages ਸੋਧੋ
{{This user talk|TOPIC|PAGE1}}→
Notes ਸੋਧੋ
 | This template should not be substituted. Do not use subst: with these templates, as that will prevent:
|
These templates are used in thousands of articles; therefore, changing the syntax could break thousands of articles. If you wish to create or edit a disambiguation or redirection template, first ask yourself the following questions:
- Is there already a template that will do this job? Since many disambiguation and redirection templates have already been created, first check: Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates.
- Do I really need a new template for this? Will it likely be used on any other articles or should I just use {{Hatnote}} instead? Before creating a new template, see the template namespace guideline.
- If I change the parameters around on an existing template, do I know what the result will be? Will it break existing uses of the template and if so, can I fix all of the errors? Before making any changes, see Template sandbox and test cases.
