ਕੁਬਤੀ ਲੋਕ
ਕੁਬਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਕਿਬਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਕੌਪਟਿਕ ਲੋਕ ਮਿਸਰ ਦੇ ਜੱਦੀ ਇਸਾਈ ਲੋਕ (ਕੁਬਤੀ: ⲟⲩⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ̀ⲛ̀Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̀ⲁⲛⲟⲥ ou.Remenkīmi en.Ekhristianos ; ਮਿਸਰੀ ਅਰਬੀ: اقباط, IPA: [ɑʔˈbɑːtˤ]) ਅਤੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿਚਲਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਇਸਾਈ ਫ਼ਿਰਕਾ ਹਨ। 400-800 ਈਸਵੀ ਤੱਕ ਇਸਾਈਅਤ ਵੱਡੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਸਰੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਧਰਮ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੀ ਹੱਲੇ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ 10ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਤੱਕ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਲੋਕ ਇਸ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਧਾਰਨੀ ਸਨ[13] ਪਰ ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਮਕਬੂਲ ਰਹਿ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਇਤਹਾਸਕ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਇਹ ਲੋਕ ਕੁਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਸਨ ਜੋ ਰੋਮਨ ਜ਼ਮਾਨੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ ਦਿਮੋਤੀ ਮਿਸਰੀ ਦੇ ਬੰਸ 'ਚੋਂ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਬੋਲੀ ਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ 18ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਤੱਕ ਸੀਮਤ ਰਹਿ ਗਈ ਹੈ। ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਅਰਬੀ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹਨ।
 ਮਿਸਰੀ ਕੁਬਤੀ ਮਰਦ | |
| ਕੁੱਲ ਪੈਰੋਕਾਰ | |
|---|---|
| 1 ਤੋਂ 2 ਕਰੋੜ[1] (ਵੱਖੋ-ਵੱਖ ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੇ) | |
| ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਖੇਤਰ | |
| ਫਰਮਾ:Country data ਮਿਸਰ | ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੇ 90 ਲੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਡੇਢ ਕਰੋੜ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਹਨ[3] |
| ਫਰਮਾ:Country data ਸੁਡਾਨ | ਤਕ. 500,000 |
 ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ | ਤਕ. 200,000 ਤੋਂ 10 ਲੱਖ[4][5][6][7][8] |
 ਕੈਨੇਡਾ | ਤਕ. 200,000[1][9] |
 ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਆ | ਤਕ. 75,000 (2003)[10][11] |
 ਇਟਲੀ | ca. 30,000[12] |
| ਧਰਮ | |
| ਮੁੱਖ: ਕੁਬਤੀ ਕੱਟੜਪੰਥੀ ਇਸਾਈਅਤ। ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀਆਂ: ਕੁਬਤੀ ਕੈਥੋਲਿਕਵਾਦ; ਕਈ ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟੈਂਟ ਘੱਟ-ਗਿਣਤੀਆਂ | |
| ਗ੍ਰੰਥ | |
| ਬਾਈਬਲ | |
| ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ | |
| ਮਿਸਰੀ ਅਰਬੀ Liturgical: ਕੁਬਤੀ | |
ਅਗਾਂਹ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ
ਸੋਧੋ- Capuani, Massimo et al. Christian Egypt: Coptic Art and Monuments Through Two Millennia (2002) excerpt and text search
- Courbage, Youssef and Phillipe Fargues. Judy Mabro (Translator) Christians and Jews Under।slam, 1997.
- ।brahim, Vivian. The Copts of Egypt: The Challenges of Modernisation and।dentity (I.B. Tauris, distributed by Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 258 pages; examines historical relations between Coptic Christians and the Egyptian state and describes factionalism and activism in the community.
- Kamil, Jill. Coptic Egypt: History and a Guide. Revised Ed. American University in Cairo Press, 1990.
- Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August. Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (2010)
- Tadros, Samuel. Motherland Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Quest for Modernity (2013) excerpt and text search
- Nakli itihaas jo likheya geya hai kade na vaapriya jo ohna de base te, saade te saada itihaas bna ke ehna ne thop dittiyan. anglo sikh war te ek c te 3-4 jagaha te kiwe chal rahi c ikko war utto saal 1848 jdo angrej sara punjab 1845 ch apne under kar chukke c te oh 1848 ch kihna nal jang ladd rahe c. Script error: The function "citation198.168.27.221 14:54, 13 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2024 (UTC)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'</ref>" does not exist.
- Van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries" International Journal of Middle East Studies (Aug 2010) 42#3 pp 479–482. Historiography
ਬਾਹਰਲੇ ਜੋੜ
ਸੋਧੋ- The Coptic Calendar by Bishoy K. R. Dawood Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. (1.29MB pdf file – historical development and technical discussion)
- An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
- The Orthodox Ecclesiastical Calendar Archived 2006-12-30 at the Wayback Machine.
- Ancient Egyptian Calendar and Coptic Calendar Archived 2008-05-08 at the Wayback Machine.
- Coptic Orthodox Church Network
- Copts
- Copts United
- Free Copts Archived 2018-11-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- American Coptic Association
- European Coptic Association Archived 2008-09-05 at the Wayback Machine.
- Coptic Book
- Coptic Cairo
- France-copte.net France Copte
- Coptic Museum Archived 2006-04-14 at the Wayback Machine.
- Search of the Lost Egyptian।dentity
- Egypt's Copts After Kosheh
- Egypt: Minorities and the State
- Religious Freedom Report: Egypt
- United Copts of Great Britain
- Coptic Orthodox Church French texts
- Coptic Christians of Egypt – German Site Archived 2016-09-08 at the Wayback Machine.
- Coptic texts and manuscripts at Leiden University Library Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.
ਹਵਾਲੇ
ਸੋਧੋ- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Coptic Orthodox Christmas to be low-key – Tight security: On alert after bombing in Egypt". Montreal Gazette. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ "Egyptian Coptic protesters freed". BBC. 22 December 2004.
- ↑ Official population counts put the number of Copts at around 16–18% of the population, while some Coptic voices claim figures as high as 23%. While some scholars defend the soundness of the official population census (cf. E.J.Chitham, The Coptic Community in Egypt. Spatial and Social Change, Durham 1986), most scholars and international observers assume that the Christian share of Egypt's population is higher than stated by the Egyptian government. Most independent estimates fall within range between 10% and 20%,[2] for example the CIA World Factbook "Egypt". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 26 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help), Khairi Abaza and Mark Nakhla (25 October 2005). "The Copts and Their Political।mplications in Egypt". The Washington।nstitute. Retrieved 27 August 2010., Encyclopædia Britannica (1985), or Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago). For a projected 83,000,000+ Egyptians in 2009, this assumption yields the above figures.
In 2008, Pope Shenouda।II and Bishop Morkos, bishop of Shubra, declared that the number of Copts in Egypt is more than 12 million.।n the same year, father Morkos Aziz the prominent priest in Cairo declared that the number of Copts (inside Egypt) exceeds 16 million. "?". United Copts of Great Britain. 29 October 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2010. and "?". العربية.نت. Retrieved 27 August 2010. Furthermore, the Washington।nstitute for Near East Policy Khairi Abaza and Mark Nakhla (25 October 2005). "The Copts and Their Political।mplications in Egypt". Retrieved 27 August 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica (1985), and Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago) estimate the percentage of Copts in Egypt to be up to 20% of the Egyptian population. - ↑ 2009 American Community Survey Archived 2020-02-12 at Archive.is, U.S. Census Bureau "All Egyptians including Copts 197,160"
- ↑ According to published accounts and several Coptic/US sources (including the US-Coptic Association), the Coptic Orthodox Church has between 700,000 and one million members in the United States (c. 2005–2007). "Why CCU?". Coptic Credit Union. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
- ↑ "Coptics flock to welcome 'Baba' at Pittsburgh airport". Pittsburgh Tribune (2007). Retrieved June 21, 2009.
- ↑ "State's first Coptic Orthodox church is a vessel of faith". JS Online (2005). Archived from the original on ਅਗਸਤ 21, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ "Coptic Diaspora". US-Copts Association (2007). Archived from the original on 2007-02-20. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ "ਪੁਰਾਲੇਖ ਕੀਤੀ ਕਾਪੀ". Archived from the original on 2016-10-01. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ In the year 2003, there was an estimated 70,000 Copts in New South Wales alone: – ਫਰਮਾ:Cite hansard
- ↑ "The Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Sydney & its Affiliated Regions – Under the Guidance of His Grace Bishop Daniel". Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ Le religioni in।talia. La Chiesa Copta (Religions in।taly. Coptic Church)
- ↑ ।brahim, Youssef M. (April 18, 1998). "U.S. Bill Has Egypt's Copts Squirming". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-08.