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ਉਰਦੂ: ਰੀਵਿਜ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਰਕ

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== ਲਿੱਪੀ ==
ਉਰਦੂ ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ [[ਨਸਤਾਲਿਕ]] [[ਲਿਪੀ]] ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ- ਅਰਬੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਰੂਪ ਹੈ। ਉਰਦੂ ਸੱਜੇ ਤੋਂ ਖੱਬੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਰਦੂ [[ਦੇਵਨਾਗਰੀ]] ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਸਤਾਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਸਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਣ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
[[ਤਸਵੀਰ:Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final.svg|thumb|350px|ਦੇਵਨਾਗਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਅਲਫਾਬੈੱਟਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਵਾਂ ਸਹਿਤ ਉਰਦੂ ਨਸਤਲੀਕ ਅਲਫਾਬੈੱਟ]]
<table border="2">
ਉਰਦੂ ਨਸਤਲੀਕ ਲਿੱਪੀ 'ਚ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#999999">ਅੱਖਰ (ਇਕੱਲਾ)</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">ਅੱਖਰ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
<p dir="ltr">ਅੱਖਰ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
ਉਚਾਰਨ</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
IPA में ਉਚਾਰਨ</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ا</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''alif''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਅਲਿਫ਼</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">ਅ, ਆ</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ə, ɑ:]</span> after a consonant;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ب</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''be''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">ਬੇ </span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਬ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[b]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">پ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''pe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">ਪੇ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">p</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[p]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ت</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''te *''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">ਤੇ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਤ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">dental [t̪]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ٹ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ṭe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">ਟੇ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਟ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʈ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ث</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''se''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਸੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਸ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ج</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''jīm''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜੀਮ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[dʒ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">چ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ce''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਚੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਚ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[tʃ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ح</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''baṛī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਬੜੀ ਹੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਹ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[h]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">خ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''xe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਖ਼ੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਖ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[x]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">د</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''dāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਦਾਲ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਦ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">dental <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[d̪]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ڈ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ḍāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਡਾਲ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਡ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɖ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ذ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜ਼ਾਲ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ر</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''re''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਰੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਰ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">dental <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[r]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ڑ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ṛe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ੜੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ੜ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɽ] flap </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ز</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ze''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜ਼ੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ژ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ze''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜ਼ੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʒ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">س</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''sīn *''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਸੀਨ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਸ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ش</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''śīn''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਸ਼ੀਨ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਸ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ص</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''svād''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਸਵਾਦ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਸ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ض</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zvād''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜ਼ਵਾਦ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ط</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''to''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਤੋਏ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਤ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[t]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ظ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zo''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਜ਼ੋਏ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਜ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ع</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''aen''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">'ਐਨ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">'ਅ</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɑ:]</span> after a consonant;
<p>otherwise <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʔ]</span>,
<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ə]</span>, or silent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">غ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ġaen''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਗ਼ੈਨ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ग़</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɣ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ف</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''fe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਫ਼ੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਫ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[f]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ق</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''qāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਕ਼ਾਫ਼</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਕ਼</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[q]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ک</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''kāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਕਾਫ਼</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਕ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[k]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">گ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''gāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਗਾਫ਼</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਗ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[g]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ل</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''lām''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਲਾਮ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਲ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[l]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">م</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''mīm''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਮੀਮ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਮ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[m]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ن</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''nūn''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਨੂਨ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">ਨ</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[n]</span> or a nasal vowel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">و</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''vāo''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਵਾਓ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਵ,
ਉ, ਊ, ਓ, ਔ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[v, u, ʊ, o,au]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ہ, ﮩ, ﮨ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''choṭī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਛੋਟੀ ਹੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">ਹ, ਅ:, (ਆ)</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɑ]</span> at the end of
a word,
<p>otherwise <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[h]</span> or silent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ھ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''do caśmī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਦੋ ਚਸ਼ਮੀ ਹੇ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">-ਹ (ਫ, ਥ, ਠ, ਛ, ਭ, <br /> ਧ, ਝ, ਘ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ)</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">indicates that the preceding consonant is
<p>aspirated (p, t, ch, k) or murmured (b, d, j, g).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ی</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''choṭī ye''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਛੋਟੀ ਯੇ</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਯ, ਈ, ਏ, ਇ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[j, i, e, ɛ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ے</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''baṛī ye''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਬੜੀ ਯੇ</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ਐ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[eː]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ء</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''hamzā''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ਹਮਜ਼ਾ</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">'ਅ, -</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʔ]</span> or silent</td>
</tr>
</table>
'''*''' ''ਭਾਰਤੀ ਮੂਲ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ''
 
 
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