ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ

ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox East Asian

ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਲਾਕਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੰਪੀਰੀਅਲ ਜਾਪਾਨੀ ਫੌਜ ਨੇ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਿੰਗੀ ਗੁਲਾਮੀ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ।^[1]^[2]^[3]

"ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ" ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਇਆਂਫੁ (慰安婦) ਹੈ,^[4] ਦਾ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ, ਜੋ "ਵੇਸਵਾ (ਵੇਸਵਾਵਾਂ)" ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਸਜਾਵਟੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੈ।^[5] ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੇ ਇਸ ਗੱਲ ਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਕਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਸਨ, ਜਿੰਨਾ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਘੱਟ ਤੋਂ ਘੱਟ 20,000 (ਜਪਾਨੀ ਰੂੜੀਵਾਦੀ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕਾਰ ਇਖੁਹੀਕੋ ਹੱਤਾ ਦੁਆਰਾ^[6]) ਤੋਂ 360,000 ਤੋਂ 410,000 (ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ^[7]);) ਜਿੰਨੀ ਉੱਚੀ ਸੀ; ਸਹੀ ਸੰਖਿਆ ਬਾਰੇ ਅਜੇ ਵੀ ਖੋਜ ਅਤੇ ਬਹਿਸ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।^[8] ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਕੋਰੀਆ, ਚੀਨ, ਅਤੇ ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ ਸਮੇਤ ਕਈ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਨ।^[9] ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਰਮਾ, ਥਾਈਲੈਂਡ, ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮ, ਮਲਾਇਆ, ਤਾਈਵਾਨ (ਫਿਰ ਇੱਕ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਨਿਰਭਰਤਾ), ਡਚ ਈਸਟ ਇੰਡੀਜ਼, ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ ਤਿਮੋਰ,^[10] ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਲਾਕਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਮਿਲਟਰੀ "ਆਰਾਮ ਕੇਂਦਰਾਂ" ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ। ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਜਪਾਨ, ਚੀਨ, ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼, ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆ, ਫਿਰ ਮਲਾਇਆ, ਥਾਈਲੈਂਡ, ਬਰਮਾ, ਨਿਊ ਗਿਨੀ, ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ, ਮਕਾਊ ਅਤੇ ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਇੰਡੋਚਿਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿਤ ਸਨ।^[11]

ਗਵਾਹੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਜਾਪਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਅਧੀਨ ਮੁਲਕਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰੋਂ ਅਗਵਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਮੁਕੱਦਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਫੈਕਟਰੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਦੇਣ ਦੇ ਵਾਅਦਿਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਲਈ ਮੌਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ; ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ ਭਰਤੀ ਹੋਣ 'ਤੇ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਰਾਮਦੇਹ ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੈਦ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ।^[12]

ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂ ਔਰਤ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਸਥਾਪਨਾ

ਚੀਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਲਾਇਆ ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤੀ ਪੀਨਾਂਗ ਤੋਂ ਜਪਾਨੀਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ 'ਸੁਖਾਵੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ' ਦੇ ਮਕਸੱਦ ਲਈ ਲਿਆਇਆ ਗਿਆ^[13]

ਜੈਨ ਰੂਫ਼ ਓ'ਹੇਰਨੇ ਦਾ ਸਟੂਡੀਓ ਚਿੱਤਰ, ਅਮਬਰਾਵਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ, ਉਸ ਦੀ ਮਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਭੈਣਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਹੋਰ ਡੱਚ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਲੈਕੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਥੋੜੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਗਲੇ ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਜਪਾਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਜਵਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਓ'ਅਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਛੇ ਹੋਰ ਡੱਚ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਾਰ-ਵਾਰ ਬਲਾਤਕਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆਅਤੇ ਕੁੱਟਿਆ ਗਿਆ।^[14]

ਨਾਮਵਰ ਸਾਬਕਾ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ

ਕਈ ਸਾਬਕਾ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਆਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂ ਮਹਿਲਾ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਬਾਰੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਗਿਆ:

ਡੱਚ ਈਸਟ ਇੰਡੀਜ਼ – ਜੈਨ ਰੂਫ਼ ਓ'ਹੇਰਨੇ (1923–); ਏਲਨ ਵੈਨ ਡੇਰ ਪਲੋਏਗ
ਕੋਰੀਆ – ਕਿਲ ਵੋਨ-ਓਕ (1928–); ਕਿਮ ਹਕ-ਸਨ (1924-1997);^[15] ਲੀ ਯੋਂਗ-ਸੂ (1929–);^[16] ਸੋਂਗ ਸੀਨ-ਡੂ (1922-2017);^[17] ਯੂ ਹੀ-ਨਾਮ (1927–)
^[18]
ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ – ਰੋਸਾ ਹੇਨਸਨ (1927-97); ਰੇਮੇਡਿਓਸ ਫੇਲਿਆਸ (1928–)^[19]
ਤਾਈਵਾਨ – ਲਿਊ ਹੁਆਂਗ ਏ-ਤਾਓ (1923-2011)^[20]

ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ

ਹਵਾਲੇ

↑ The Asian Women's Fund. "Who were the Comfort Women?-The Establishment of Comfort Stations". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ The Asian Women's Fund. "Hall I: Japanese Military and Comfort Women". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2014. The so-called 'wartime comfort women' were those who were taken to former Japanese military installations, such as comfort stations, for a certain period during wartime in the past and forced to provide sexual services to officers and soldiers. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ Argibay 2003
↑ Soh 2009, p. 69 "It referred to adult female (fu/bu) who provided sexual services to "comfort and entertain" (ian/wian) the warrior...
↑ Fujioka, Nobukatsu (1996). 污辱の近現代史: いま、克服のとき [Attainder of modern history] (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. p. 39. 慰安婦は戦地で外征軍を相手とする娼婦を指す用語(婉曲用語)だった。 (Ianfu was a euphemism for the prostitutes who served for the Japanese expeditionary forces outside Japan){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
↑ Asian Women's Fund, pp. 10–11
↑ Huang 2012, p. 206 "Although Ianfu came from all regions or countries annexed or occupied by Japan before 1945, most of them were Chinese or Korean. Researchers at the Research Center of the Chinese Comfort Women Issue of Shanghai Normal University estimate that the total number of comfort women at 360,000 to 410,000."
↑ Rose 2005, p. 88
↑ "Women and World War II – Comfort Women". Womenshistory.about.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006). "Japan's Wartime Sex Slave Exhibition Exposes Darkness in East Timor". Japan Times. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ Reuters 2007-03-05.
↑ Yoshimi 2000, pp. 100–101, 105–106, 110–111;
Fackler 2007-03-06;
BBC 2007-03-02;
BBC 2007-03-08;
Pramoedya 2001.
↑ "THE ALLIED REOCCUPATION OF THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS, 1945". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2016-01-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "Former 'Comfort Women' Hold 1,000th Protest at Japanese Embassy". The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "WWII 'comfort woman' demands apology from Japan". Washington Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "Comfort Woman Film Touches Japan". The Korea Times. 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "Former Korean 'comfort woman' prepares lawsuit against Japan". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "The hidden battle of Leyte: the picture diary of a girl taken by the Japanese military / Remedios Felias". filipinaslibrary.org.ph. FILIPINAS HERITAGE LIBRARY. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ "Profile: Taiwanese former 'comfort woman' dies before apology". Taipei Times. 2011-09-06. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-22. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

ਪੁਸਤਕ ਸੂਚੀ

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ

McDougall, Gay J. (June 22, 1998). "Contemporary Forms of Slavery – Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflict". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2007.

ਜਪਾਨੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ

Kono, Yohei (August 4, 1993), Statement by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono on the result of the study on the issue of "comfort women", Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, archived from the original on 2014-07-09 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help).
"The Comfort Women Issue", us.emb-japan.go.jp, archived from the original on October 10, 2007, retrieved July 4, 2008

ਨੀਦਰਲੈਂਡ ਸਰਕਾਰ

Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken (January 24, 1994). "Gedwongen prostitutie van Nederlandse vrouwen in voormalig Nederlands-Indië [Enforced prostitution of Dutch women in the former Dutch East Indies]". Handelingen Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal [Hansard Dutch Lower House] (in Dutch). 23607 (1). ISSN 0921-7371. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lay-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |lay-source= ignored (help)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)

ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ

Honda, Mike (February 15, 2007). "Honda Testifies in Support of Comfort Women". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2007.

O'Herne, Jan Ruff (February 15, 2007), Statement of Jan Ruff O'Herne AO, Subcommittee on Asia, Pacific and the Global Environment, Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, archived from the original on February 28, 2007, retrieved March 23, 2007
GovTrack.us (2007–2008). "H. Res. 121: Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Government of Japan should formally." Archived from the original on ਸਤੰਬਰ 30, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2007.

ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ

Bix, Herbert P. (2000), Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0
Drea, Edward (2006), Researching Japanese War Crimes Records. Introductory Essays (PDF), Washington DC: Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group, ISBN 978-1-880875-28-5, archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016, retrieved July 1, 2008 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Gamble, Adam; Watanabe, Takesato (2004), A Public Betrayed, Regnery Publishing, ISBN 978-0-89526-046-8
Fujiwara, Akira (藤原彰) (1998), The Three Alls Policy and the Northern Chinese Regional Army (「三光作戦」と北支那方面軍), Kikan sensô sekinin kenkyû 20
Hata, Ikuhiko (1999), Ianfu to senjo no sei (Shinchōsha) [Comfort women and sex in the battlefield] (in Japanese), ISBN 978-4106005657{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Hicks, George (1996). "The 'Comfort Women". In Duus, Peter; Myers, Ramon Hawley; Peattie, Mark R. (eds.). The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931-1945 (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). Princeton University Press. pp. 305–323. ISBN 9780691043821. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (姫田光義) (1996), Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces (日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって』), Iwanami Bukkuretto
Huang, Hua-Lun (2012). The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900–2000s (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). McFarland. ISBN 9780786488346. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Rose, Caroline (2005), Sino-Japanese relations: facing the past, looking to the future?, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-29722-6.
Soh, C. Sarah (2009). The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76777-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Pramoedya Ananta Toer (2001), Perawan Remaja dalam Cengkraman Militer [Young Virgins in the Military's Grip] (in Indonesian), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, ISBN 9789799023483{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Yoshimi, Yoshiaki (2000), Comfort Women. Sexual Slavery in the Japanese Military During World War II, Asia Perspectives, translation: Suzanne O'Brien, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-12033-3{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

ਜਰਨਲ ਲੇਖ

Argibay, Carmen (2003). "Sexual Slavery and the Comfort Women of World War II". Berkeley Journal of International Law. 21 (2). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mitchell, Richard H. (April 1997), "George Hicks. The Comfort Women: Japan's Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War", The American Historical Review, 102 (2): 503, doi:10.2307/2170934, JSTOR 2170934 (ਸਮੀਖਿਆ ਦੇ Hicks 1997). ਰਾਹੀ JSTOR
Yoneyama, Lisa (2002), "NHK's Censorship of Japanese Crimes Against Humanity", Harvard Asia Quarterly, vol. VI, no. 1, archived from the original on August 27, 2006
Wender, Mellisa (2003). "Military Comfort Women: Doing Justice to the Past". Critican Asian Studies. 35 (1): 139–145. doi:10.1080/14672710320000061514. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Watanabe, Kazuko (1999). "Trafficking in Women's Bodies, Then and Now: The Issue of Military "Comfort Women"". Women's Studies Quarterly. 27 (1/2): 19–31. JSTOR 40003395. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

ਖਬਰ ਲੇਖ

"Canada MPs demand Japan apologize to WWII 'comfort women'". AFP. November 28, 2007. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
Sex slaves put Japan on trial, BBC News, December 8, 2000, retrieved July 1, 2008
Abe questions sex slave 'coercion', BBC News, March 2, 2007, retrieved March 23, 2007
Japan party probes sex slave use, BBC News, March 8, 2007, retrieved March 23, 2007
'Comfort women' distortion stirs indignation, China Daily, July 13, 2005, retrieved May 20, 2008
Associated Press (July 6, 2007), Memoir of comfort woman tells of 'hell for women', China Daily, retrieved August 29, 2007
Japan court rules against 'comfort women', CNN, March 29, 2001, archived from the original on 2006-09-22
""Comfort Women" Resolution Likely to Pass U.S. Congress". Digital Chosunibuto (English edition). February 2, 2007. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
Comfort Women Were 'Raped': U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Digital Chosunibuto (English edition), March 19, 2007, archived from the original on June 5, 2008, retrieved July 2, 2008\
"Human rights: Chad, women's rights in Saudi Arabia, Japan's wartime sex slaves". Europees Parlement. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original (– ^{Scholar search}) on May 19, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008. {{cite news}}: External link in |format= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Jeff Davis (November 28, 2007), MPs Moved to Tears by Comfort Women, Hill Times, archived from the original on May 18, 2008, retrieved July 4, 2008 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Japan refuses to apologise for WW2 brothel scandal, Irish Examiner, March 8, 2007, archived from the original on March 26, 2009, retrieved June 1, 2008
Japanese opposition calls on prime minister to acknowledge WWII sex slaves, International Herald Tribune, March 7, 2007, archived from the original on March 9, 2007, retrieved June 1, 2008
Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006), Sex slave exhibition exposes darkness in East Timor, The Japan Times, archived from the original on September 29, 2007, retrieved December 23, 2006 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Reiji Yoshida (March 11, 2007), Sex slave history erased from texts; '93 apology next?, The Japan Times, archived from the original on March 17, 2008, retrieved May 20, 2008 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Nakamura, Akemi (March 20, 2007), Were they teen-rape slaves or paid pros?, The Japan Times, archived from the original on July 4, 2007, retrieved March 23, 2007 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Reiji Yoshida (April 18, 2007), Evidence documenting sex-slave coercion revealed, The Japan Times, archived from the original on September 29, 2007 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Keiji Hirano (April 28, 2007), East Timor former sex slaves start speaking out, Japan Times, archived from the original on September 29, 2007, retrieved August 29, 2007 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Files: Females forced into sexual servitude in wartime Indonesia, Japan Times, May 12, 2007, archived from the original on September 26, 2007, retrieved August 29, 2007 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
U.S. got Abe to drop denial over sex slaves, Japan Times, November 9, 2007, archived from the original on September 17, 2008, retrieved July 4, 2008 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Masami Ito (October 18, 2011), 'Comfort women' issue resolved: Noda '65 treaty cited on eve of first Seoul trip, The Japan Times (via the Alliance to Preserve the History of WWII in Asia – Los Angeles), archived from the original on ਮਾਰਚ 4, 2016, retrieved January 7, 2016
Bae Ji-sook (September 17, 2007), 202 Pro-Japanese Collaborators Disclosed, The Korea Times, archived from the original on December 11, 2013, retrieved July 1, 2008
"FOCUS: Amnesty's European 'comfort women' campaign makes steady progress". Kyodo News. November 24, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Edward Epstein (July 31, 2007), House wants Japan apology, San Francisco Chronicle, retrieved August 1, 2007
Mark Landler (March 2, 2001), Cartoon of Wartime 'Comfort Women' Irks Taiwan, The New York Times, retrieved July 5, 2008^{[permanent dead link]}
Fackler, Martin (March 6, 2007), "No Apology for Sex Slavery, Japan's Prime Minister Says", The New York Times, retrieved March 23, 2007
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Clancey, Patrick, ed. (November 1, 1948), "International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Chapter 8) – Judgment", Hyperwar, a hypertext history of the Second World War.
Hata, Ikuhiko. No Organized or Forced Recruitment: Misconceptions about Comfort Women and the Japanese Military (PDF). hassin.sejp.net. Archived from the original (pdf) on September 4, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2007. None of them was forcibly recruited.
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ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ

Drinck, Barbara and Gross, Chung-noh. Forced Prostitution in Times of War and Peace, Kleine Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-89370-436-1978-3-89370-436-1.
Hayashi, Hirofumi. "Disputes in Japan over the Japanese Military 'Comfort Women' System and Its Perception in History," Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, May 2008, Vol. 617, pp 123–132
Henson, Maria Rosa "Comfort woman: Slave of destiny", Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism: 1996. ISBN 971-8686-11-8971-8686-11-8.
Henson, Maria Rose (1999). Comfort Woman: A Filipina's Story of Prostitution and Slavery Under the Japanese Military. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8476-9149-4.
Hicks, George (1997), The Comfort Women: Japan's Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War, W W Norton & Company Incorporated, ISBN 978-0-393-31694-0
Howard, Keith; Hanʼguk Chŏngsindae Munje Taechʻaek Hyŏbŭihoe; Research Association on the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (1995). True stories of the Korean comfort women: testimonies. Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-33262-5.
Keller, Nora Okja "Comfort Woman", London, Penguin: 1998. ISBN 0-14-026335-70-14-026335-7.
Kim-Gibson, D. Silence Broken: Korean Comfort Women, 1999. ISBN 0-931209-88-90-931209-88-9.
Levin, Mark, Case Comment: Nishimatsu Construction Co. v. Song Jixiao Et Al., Supreme Court of Japan (2d Petty Bench), April 27, 2007, and Ko Hanako Et Al. V. Japan, Supreme Court of Japan (1st Petty Bench), April 27, 2007 (January 1, 2008). American Journal of International Law, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 148–154, January 2008. Available at SSRN:
Molasky, Michael S. American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa, Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0-415-19194-70-415-19194-7, ISBN 0-415-26044-20-415-26044-2.
Przystup, James (July 2007). Glosserman, Brad; Namkung, Sun (eds.). "Japan-China Relations: Wen in Japan: Ice Melting But." (PDF). Comparative Connections, A Quarterly e-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations. 9 (2): 131–146. ISSN 1930-5370. Archived from the original (PDF) on ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 2, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
Schellstede, Sangmie Choi; Yu, Soon Mi (2000). Comfort Women Speak: Testimony by Sex Slaves of the Japanese Military: Includes New United Nations Human Rights Report. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8419-1413-1.
Tanaka, Yuki. Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation, London, Routledge: 2002. ISBN 0-415-19401-60-415-19401-6.
Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashii "Comfort Women: Beyond Litigious Feminism"

ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ

Thinking about the comfort women issue, Look squarely at essence of 'comfort women' issue. on August 22, 2014 Asahi Shimbun
- Testimony about 'forcible taking away of women on Jeju Island': Judged to be fabrication because supporting evidence not found on August 22, 2014 Asahi Shimbun
Asian Women's Fund web site (archived from the original on 2007-02-02)
Comfort-Women.org Archived 2009-11-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Digital Museum of The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund(in Japanese)
Jugun Ianfu Indonesia at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)Wayback MachineJugun Ianfu Indonesia at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)
Korea Dutch Indies Sex Slavery Translation Project
121 Coalition Archived 2019-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.
"The Victims" (from the South Korean Ministry of Gender and Family Equality)^{[ਮੁਰਦਾ ਕੜੀ]}
Japanese Military Sex Slaves on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ, CBS Report featuring Mike Honda and Nariaki Nakayama's infamous comment comparing "comfort houses" and cafeterias
Japan forced women to work as sex slaves during World War II on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ
Photo gallery at the Seoul Times.
A Public Betrayed – Comfort Women—The Asian Sex Slaves of World War II
"Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women" (Web page). Australian War Memorial. 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2017. – describes the experience of Jan O'Herne in Java
Nakamura, Akemi; Ikuhiko Hata; Yoshiaki Yoshimi (March 20, 2007). "Comfort Women: Were they teen-rape slaves or paid pros?". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Friends of “Comfort Women” Australia (FCWA) – not-for-profit organisation focusing on the plight of the Japanese military “Comfort Women” of World War II.
Mourning on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ, song about comfort women composed by Mu Ting Zhang and directed by Po En Lee
House of Sharing The "House of Sharing" is a South Korean home for surviving comfort women and incorporates "The Museum of Sexual Slavery".
Justice For Comfort Women Archived 2018-11-17 at the Wayback Machine.

ਅਕਾਦਮਿਕ ਖੋਜ

"The Comfort Women project". Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2005-04-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Hayashi Hirofumi's papers on comfort women
Responsibility Toward Comfort Women Survivors Archived 2012-06-28 at Archive.is: Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper 77.
Japan's Comfort Women, Theirs and Ours Archived 2018-09-01 at the Wayback Machine.: Book review, Japan Policy Research Institute Critique 9:2.
Journal of Asian American Studies 6:1, February 2003, issue on American studies of comfort women, Kandice Chuh, ed.

ਜਪਾਨੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਬਿਆਨ

Statement by Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama on the occasion of the establishment of the "Asian Women's Fund" (1995, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
Letter from Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to the former comfort women (2001, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼

House Concurrent Resolution 226 Archived 2004-11-06 at the Wayback Machine. (June 23, 2003, 108th United States Congress), introduced by Rep. Lane Evans (Illinois 17), referred to House Committee on International Relations; not passed.
Japanese Comfort Women (1944, United States Office of War Information)
Korea official website for sex slaves victims

[1] The Asian Women's Fund. "Who were the Comfort Women?-The Establishment of Comfort Stations". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[2] The Asian Women's Fund. "Hall I: Japanese Military and Comfort Women". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2014. The so-called 'wartime comfort women' were those who were taken to former Japanese military installations, such as comfort stations, for a certain period during wartime in the past and forced to provide sexual services to officers and soldiers. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[3] Argibay 2003

[4] Soh 2009, p. 69 "It referred to adult female (fu/bu) who provided sexual services to "comfort and entertain" (ian/wian) the warrior...

[5] Fujioka, Nobukatsu (1996). 污辱の近現代史: いま、克服のとき [Attainder of modern history] (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. p. 39. 慰安婦は戦地で外征軍を相手とする娼婦を指す用語(婉曲用語)だった。 (Ianfu was a euphemism for the prostitutes who served for the Japanese expeditionary forces outside Japan){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)

[AWF_CW10-11-6] Asian Women's Fund, pp. 10–11

[7] Huang 2012, p. 206 "Although Ianfu came from all regions or countries annexed or occupied by Japan before 1945, most of them were Chinese or Korean. Researchers at the Research Center of the Chinese Comfort Women Issue of Shanghai Normal University estimate that the total number of comfort women at 360,000 to 410,000."

[8] Rose 2005, p. 88

[9] "Women and World War II – Comfort Women". Womenshistory.about.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[10] Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006). "Japan's Wartime Sex Slave Exhibition Exposes Darkness in East Timor". Japan Times. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[11] Reuters 2007-03-05.

[12] Yoshimi 2000, pp. 100–101, 105–106, 110–111;
Fackler 2007-03-06;
BBC 2007-03-02;
BBC 2007-03-08;
Pramoedya 2001.

[13] "THE ALLIED REOCCUPATION OF THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS, 1945". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2016-01-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[AlliesAdversity-14] "Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[15] "Former 'Comfort Women' Hold 1,000th Protest at Japanese Embassy". The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] "WWII 'comfort woman' demands apology from Japan". Washington Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[17] "Comfort Woman Film Touches Japan". The Korea Times. 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[18] "Former Korean 'comfort woman' prepares lawsuit against Japan". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[19] "The hidden battle of Leyte: the picture diary of a girl taken by the Japanese military / Remedios Felias". filipinaslibrary.org.ph. FILIPINAS HERITAGE LIBRARY. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[20] "Profile: Taiwanese former 'comfort woman' dies before apology". Taipei Times. 2011-09-06. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-22. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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